Phytosanitary functions of plants used for the reclamation of the heap of ashes in Sowlany near Białystok
Włodzimierz Majtkowski
w.majtkowski@ihar.edu.plOgród Botaniczny Krajowego Centrum Roślinnych Zasobów Genowych, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Bydgoszcz (Poland)
Gabriela Majtkowska
Ogród Botaniczny Krajowego Centrum Roślinnych Zasobów Genowych, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Bydgoszcz (Poland)
Abstract
In the year 1999, a reclamation aiming at the reduction of wind erosion was performed on the furnace waste heap in Sowlany with a surface area of 5.5 ha. The biological reclamation followed technical works —forming of escarpments and terraces and the fertilization using communal sewage sludge in the amount of 1500 t·ha-1. In June 1999 the surface of the slag heap was sown with fodder grasses, papilionaceous crops and mustard. The experiment with 29 species of the grasses from the collection of IHAR Botanical Garden in Bydgoszcz was created and the terraces were sown with bushes and trees. During the following years the observations of the plants’ development and the examination of chemical composition of substrate and plant material were done. After 12 years, that passed since the reclamation of the slag heap, the main goal — the inhibition of wind erosion of ashes — was achieved. On the main slag heap of ashes stockpile dense flora consisting of perennial grass species and secondary plant succession was formed. In the experimental part, the following species: Bromus inermis, Elymus elongatus, Festuca arundinacea, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Spartina pectinata showed highest durability. The shrubs and trees sown on the erosion platform — Amorpha fruticosa, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Hippophaë rhamnoides — created a dense green belt. The used sewage deposits became the source of heavy metals, especially zinc, which was cumulated in the highest amount (from 227 to 562 mg·kg-1 D.M) by tree species and grasses Elymus elongatus and Spartina pectinata.
Keywords:
coal ash, grasses, heavy metals, reclamation, sewage sludgeReferences
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Authors
Włodzimierz Majtkowskiw.majtkowski@ihar.edu.pl
Ogród Botaniczny Krajowego Centrum Roślinnych Zasobów Genowych, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Bydgoszcz Poland
Authors
Gabriela MajtkowskaOgród Botaniczny Krajowego Centrum Roślinnych Zasobów Genowych, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Bydgoszcz Poland
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