The ways of epistatic action of genes in winter rye
Tadeusz Śmiałowski
zhsmialo@cyf-kr.edu.plZakład Oceny Jakości i Metod Hodowli Zbóż, IHAR Kraków (Poland)
Stanisław Węgrzyn
Zakład Oceny Jakości i Metod Hodowli Zbóż, IHAR Kraków (Poland)
Abstract
The purpose of the study was recognition in epistatic action of genes controlling 12 quantitative traits (heading time, plant height, length of ear, length of upper internode, mass and number of grains per ear, spikes number per plot, 1000 kernels weight, test weight, grain yield per plot, protein content in grain and falling number) in 10 cultivars of winter rye (Dańkowskie Złote, Dańkowskie Nowe, Motto, Wibro, Amilo, Kier, Walet, Bosmo, Hegro, Ekoagro). The analysis was performed using the method of Comstock and Robinson (1952) with modifications of Kearsey and Jinks (1967). The F1 hybrids, obtained from crossing of three testers (T1 = SMH 49, T2 = SMH 75 and T3 = T1 × T2) with the studied cultivars, were sown on 0.4 sq. m. plots in three replications. The epistatic effects were calculated with the formula Ii=L1i+L2i-2L3i, where L1i, L2i, L3i are average values for the traits of the hybrids of the i-th cultivar with the three testers. Significance of the deviations of epistatic effects from zero was verified with the “t” test. It was found, that the revealed epistasis resulted mainly from interaction of homozygous loci with heterozygous ones and interaction between heterozygous loci (81% of the effects). Among the investigated traits, this type of epistasis was recorded in 100% of cases for heading time, grain mass per ear, thousand kernels weight, test weight and falling number. An equal proportion of the “i”- type epistasis and the “j,l” one was stated only for the upper internode length and plant height. Epistasis influenced significantly values of the traits in the invesigated rye populations. The increasing or decreasing direction of an effect was dependent on cultivar. Generally, the negative effects were more frequent in majority of the studied traits, with exceptions of upper internode length, 1000 kernels mass and falling number, where the positive effects prevailed. The size and direction of the epistatic effects depended not only on the cultivar, but also on a year of study, which shows importance of the environment.
Keywords:
epistasis, cultivars, quantitative traits, winter ryeReferences
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Authors
Tadeusz Śmiałowskizhsmialo@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Zakład Oceny Jakości i Metod Hodowli Zbóż, IHAR Kraków Poland
Authors
Stanisław WęgrzynZakład Oceny Jakości i Metod Hodowli Zbóż, IHAR Kraków Poland
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