The importance of grass species and cultivars in the development of turfing process on reclaimed land
Anna Patrzałek
ipis@ipispan.edu.plInstytut Podstaw Inżynierii Środowiska Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Zabrzu (Poland)
Abstract
After many years of research, both in field and laboratory conditions, the importance of sowing various grass species and varieties, as well as mineral fertilization applied has been assessed for the turfing process in initial soils made of Carboniferous waste. The growth and development of grass species of short duration, sown in mixtures, and the accumulation of biomass intensified by mineral fertilizing characterized the first phase of turfing process. The second phase of the process was characterized by yielding of those species, loosening of turf, and settlement of Calamagrostis epigeios in ground cover, with roots reaching to layers under 30 cm. Settlement of trees from seeds blown-in by the wind, and the resulted shading caused recession of Calamagrostis epigeios. The turf level has not increased, which is characteristic for the stage three of the turfing process. The turfing process has been described on the basis of examining the changes in floral composition of plant communities formed of grass types sown, the size of overground biomass produced, as well as chemical and biological changes in initial soil.
Keywords:
biological land reclamation, grass species and cultivars, turfing processReferences
Chodak T., Szerszeń L. 1998. Właściwości gleb powstających pod wpływem roślinności trawiastej na zwałowiskach kopalni węgla kamiennego i pohutniczych. Górnictwo odkrywkowe. XL. 2/3: 29 — 38.
Google Scholar
Kozłowski S., Goliński P., Swędrzyński A. 1998. Trawy w barwnej fotografii i opisie ich specyficznych cech. Wydawnictwo Literackie Parnas. Inowrocław.
Google Scholar
Osmańczyk-Krasa D. 1984. Aktywność enzymatyczna odpadów górnictwa węgla kamiennego rekultywo-wanych roślinnością zielną. Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska 1: 177 — 182.
Google Scholar
Osmańczyk-Krasa D. 1985. Aktywność enzymatyczna rekultywowanych biologicznie odpadów górnictwa węgla kamiennego. Praca doktorska. Biblioteka IPIŚ, PAN Zabrze.
Google Scholar
Patrzałek A. 1984. Zdolność darniotwórcza mieszanek traw i motylkowatych wysiewanych na zwałowisku odpadów węgla kamiennego oraz ich wpływ na wietrzenie gruntu. Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska. 3/4: 157 — 170.
Google Scholar
Patrzałek A., Rostański A. 1992. Procesy glebotwórcze i zmiany roślinności na skarpie rekultywowanego biologicznie zwałowiska odpadów po kopalnictwie węgla kamiennego. Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska. 3/4: 157 — 168.
Google Scholar
Patrzałek A. 2001 a Właściwości gleby inicjalnej powstającej na zwałowisku odpadów karbońskich. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria Górnictwo. Zeszyt 248: 151 — 156.
Google Scholar
Patrzałek A. 2001 b. Znaczenie traw w powstawaniu zbiorowisk roślinnych na glebach inicjalnych wytworzonych z odpadów karbońskich. Zeszyty Naukowe AR we Wrocławiu. Nr 402. Rozprawy CLXXVI. Wydawnictwo AR Wrocław.
Google Scholar
Tomaszewski J. 1962. Gleby łąkowe. PWRL, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Twardowska I. 1981. Mechanizm i dynamika ługowania odpadów karbońskich na zwałowiskach. Prace i Studia. IPIŚ PAN, Ossolineum 25.
Google Scholar
Authors
Anna Patrzałekipis@ipispan.edu.pl
Instytut Podstaw Inżynierii Środowiska Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Zabrzu Poland
Statistics
Abstract views: 74PDF downloads: 25
License
Copyright (c) 2003 Anna Patrzałek
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Upon submitting the article, the Authors grant the Publisher a non-exclusive and free license to use the article for an indefinite period of time throughout the world in the following fields of use:
- Production and reproduction of copies of the article using a specific technique, including printing and digital technology.
- Placing on the market, lending or renting the original or copies of the article.
- Public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and re-broadcasting, as well as making the article publicly available in such a way that everyone can access it at a place and time of their choice.
- Including the article in a collective work.
- Uploading an article in electronic form to electronic platforms or otherwise introducing an article in electronic form to the Internet or other network.
- Dissemination of the article in electronic form on the Internet or other network, in collective work as well as independently.
- Making the article available in an electronic version in such a way that everyone can access it at a place and time of their choice, in particular via the Internet.
Authors by sending a request for publication:
- They consent to the publication of the article in the journal,
- They agree to give the publication a DOI (Digital Object Identifier),
- They undertake to comply with the publishing house's code of ethics in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), (http://ihar.edu.pl/biblioteka_i_wydawnictwa.php),
- They consent to the articles being made available in electronic form under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, in open access,
- They agree to send article metadata to commercial and non-commercial journal indexing databases.
