Genetic background of wheat and triticale grain hardness
Sebastian Gasparis
s.gasparis@ihar.edu.plZakład Genomiki Funkcjonalnej, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Radzików (Poland)
Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
Zakład Genomiki Funkcjonalnej, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Radzików (Poland)
Abstract
Grain hardness of hexaploid wheat T. aestivum is controlled by puroindoline genes Pina and Pinb. They encode puroindoline proteins PINA and PINB which are accumulated on starch granule surface in the endosperm. Genes Pina and Pinb are located in genome D of hexaploid wheat and in other genomes of diploid wheat species. Both genes are absent in tetraploid wheat with genome AABB. Orthologs of puroindoline genes were detected in other cereal species and showed above 90% similarity of coding sequences with Pin genes. Secaloindoline genes are orthologs of puroindolines in rye and hexaploid triticale and are located in genome R. In regard of its importance, wheat grain hardness has been studied from the second half of the last century. However, significant progress in this area started at the end of the last century when the advanced genetic engineering techniques were applied. As a result of this research the coding sequences of puroindoline genes and their promoters were determined as well as the allelic variation and the structure of puroindoline proteins.
Keywords:
grain hardness, puroindolines, secaloindolines, triticale, wheatReferences
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Authors
Sebastian Gaspariss.gasparis@ihar.edu.pl
Zakład Genomiki Funkcjonalnej, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Radzików Poland
Authors
Anna Nadolska-OrczykZakład Genomiki Funkcjonalnej, Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Radzików Poland
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