Wykorzystanie genów z gatunków diploidalnych, tetraploidalnych i heksaploidalnych pszenicy Triticum L. w odmianach pszenicy heksaploidalnej Triticum aestivum L.
Józef Pilch
j.pilch@ihar.edu.plInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Zakład Roślin Zbożowych — Kraków (Poland)
Abstrakt
W pracy dokonano przeglądu literatury w zakresie wykorzystania gatunków diploidalnych, tetraploidalnych i heksaploidalnych rodzaju Triticum L. w ulepszaniu odmian pszenicy Triticum aestivum L. Przedstawiono źródła korzystnych cech i dokonane introgresje 87 genów w odmianach pszenicy zwyczajnej, oraz podano lokalizację chromosomową. W genomie A, B i D odmian T. aestivum L. wprowadzono odpowiednio 36, 35 i 11 obcych genów. Introgresje te doprowadziły do ulepszenia cech pszenicy T. aestivum L., głównie odporności na patogeny zbożowe. Najwiecej genów obcych (23) warunkuje odporność na mączniaka prawdziwego Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. (syn. Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em.), 16 genów nadaje odporność na rdzę brunatną Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici, 13 genów — odporność na na rdzę źdźbłową (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici), 10 genów — odporność na rdzę żółtą Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, 3 geny — odporność na uszkodzenia kłosów przez Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch). Wprowadzono także 12 genów odporności na pryszczarka heskiego (syn. muszka heska) Mayetiola destructor Say (syn. Phytophaga destructor Say) (Diptera :Cecidomyiidae), 7 genów wysokiej zawartości białka w ziarnie i 3 geny wysokiej zawartości Zn, Fe, Mn w ziarnie. Geny obce pochodziły z gatunków: T. monococcum L., T. boeoticum Boiss., T. urartu Tum, T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal., T. speltoides Taush., T. carthlicum Nevski, T. dicoccoides Schweinf., T. turgidum L., T. macha Dek., T. ventricosa Taush., T. dicoccoides Schweinf., T. durum Desf., T. timopheevii Zhuk, T. comosa Sibth et Sm., T. spelta L. W pracy posługiwano się oryginalnym nazewnictwem gatunków, genów, jak i patogenów występujących w źródłowych pracach.
Słowa kluczowe:
gatunki diploidalne, tetraploidalne, heksaploidalne pszenicy, geny obce, introgresje genów, odmiany pszenicy Triticum aestivum L., rodzina Poaceae (Triticeae), rodzaj Triticum L.Bibliografia
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Autorzy
Józef Pilchj.pilch@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Zakład Roślin Zbożowych — Kraków Poland
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Inne teksty tego samego autora
- Józef Pilch, Introgresje genów z gatunków spokrewnionych taksonomicznie w ulepszeniach pszenicy Triticum aestivum L. i innych roślin uprawnych , Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin: Nr 260/261 (2011): Wydanie regularne
- Józef Pilch, Efektywność introgresji genów Glu-1 wysokocząsteczkowych glutenin w zwiększaniu wartości wypiekowej ziarna zbóż — przegląd literatury , Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin: Nr 243 (2007): Wydanie regularne
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