The situation of the seed industry in the world and in the European Union
Chrystian Chomontowski
chrystian_chomontowski@sggw.edu.plKatedra Fizjologii Roślin, Instytut Biologii, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie (Poland)
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-5502
Sławomir Podlaski
Katedra Fizjologii Roślin, Instytut Biologii, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie (Poland)
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
Abstract
Scientific progress in plant breeding and the globalization of seed production led to a rapid increase in the value of seed trade. Apart from pesticides, seeds are characterized by the most global character. In recent years, we have observed a progressive concentration and monopolization of the seed industry. „The big four” seed companies can decide the fate of global agricultural production. In the worlds public sector, expenditure on R&D is decreasing, while in private sector it is growing. The seed industry, next to the pharmaceutical one, is the most innovative economic sector. Average R&D expenditure is 17% of turnover per year. Some European countries like Denmark and the Netherlands have made the seed industry their national specialization.
Keywords:
plant breeding, seed science, seed industry, seed reproduction, European Union, WorldReferences
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Authors
Chrystian Chomontowskichrystian_chomontowski@sggw.edu.pl
Katedra Fizjologii Roślin, Instytut Biologii, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie Poland
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-5502
Authors
Sławomir PodlaskiKatedra Fizjologii Roślin, Instytut Biologii, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie Poland
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097
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