Effect of physical and chemical mutagens on morphological behavior of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) CV.
Abstract
Given the importance to tomato production under heat stress conditions in hot climates of Pakistan, the objective of this research work was to study the influence of temperature and application of physical and chemical mutagens on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.,) CV. “Rio grande” Seeds were treated with chemical mutagen (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) and physical mutagen (Gamma radiation) . Plants were grown in open field conditions under day/night temperatures regimes at the experimental area of Department of Horticulture, faculty of crop and food sciences, PMAS-AAUR. The experiment was set twenty treatments and four replications in Complete Randomize Block Design. It is observed that by increasing dose of mutagens shows lethal effect and morphological parameters reduced significantly. But lower doses of EMS and Gamma radiation improve thermotolerance capacity significantly. Plants were investigated for different morphological parameters i.e Plant height, no. of leaves, leaf area, relative water contents of leaves, chlorophyll contents, cell viability (TCC Assay) and pollen germination. Among gamma rays 5Kr were the only dose which survived and bear fruits. Among EMS 4mM, 8 mM, 16mM performed better under heat stress conditions than other treatments
Keywords
EMS; gamma rays; heat stress; mutagens; tomato
References
Abdul Baki A., R. John. 1992. Pollen viability and fruit set of tomato genotypes under optimum high tempera-ture regimes. Hort. sci., 30: 115- 117
Bichara, M., S. Schumacher and R. P. P. Fuchs. 1995. Genetic instability within monotonous runs of CpG sequences in Esterichia coli. Genetics, 140: 897-907.
Britt, A. B., J. J. Chen, D. Wykoff and D. Mitchell. 1993. A UV–sensitive mutant of Arabidopsis defective in the repair of pyrimidine–pyriminone (6-4) dimmers. Sci., 261: 1571–4.
Burssens, S., Himanen, K. Cotte, B. Beeckman, T. Vanmontagu, M. Inze, D., Verbuggen, N. 2000. Expres-sion of cell cycle regulatory genes and morphological alterations in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta, 211: 632-640.
David FD, Heidmann J, Heinen C, Lamp B, Martin J, Rost T, Silady R, Tong K, Tassel DV. 1996. Section of Plant Biology Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, DAVIS,
Ebrahim, M.K., Zingsheim, O., El-Shourbagy, M.N., Moore, P.H., Komor, E. 1998 Growth and sugar storage in sugarcane grown at temperatures below and above optimum.-J. Plant Physiol. 153: 593–602,
Filomena ,G., Mieke W. A., Celestina, M. and Ivo, R. 2013. Ensuring Reproduction at High Temperatures: The Heat Stress Response during Anther and Pollen Development, Plants, 489-506; doi:10.3390/plants2030489
Griffiths, A. J. F., J. H. Miller and D. T. Suzuki. 1993. An introduction to Genetic Analysis. pp. 43-52.
Hall, A. E., 1992. Breeding for heat tolerance. Pl. Breed. Rev., 10: 129–68
Howarth CJ. 2005 Genetic improvements of tolerance to high temperature. In: Ashraf M, Harris PJC, (eds). Abiotic Stresses: Plant Resistance Through Breeding and Molecular Approaches. Howarth Press Inc., New York,
Hussain, T., I. A. Khan, M. A. Malik and Z. Ali, 2006. Breeding Potential for high temperature tolerance in corn (Zea mays. L.). Pakistan J. Bot., 38: 1185–95.
Irfaq, M. and N. Khalid. 2001. Effect of gamma irradiation on some morphological characteristics of three wheat cultivars. J. Biol. Sci., 10: 935-937.
Jitendra, K. P., Preeti S. ,Ram S. Y. and Ram G., 2012. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectra as an Indicator of X-Ray + EMS-Induced Phytotoxicity in Safflower. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Spectroscopy: An International Journal Volume 27 (2012), Issue 4, Pages 206–213
Krause, G. H. 1988. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis: an evaluation of damaging and protective mecha-nisms. Physiologia Plantarum 74, 566–74.
Marian Brestic, In book: Plant signaling: Understanding the molecular cross-talk, Edition: 2013, Chapter: Heat Signaling and Stress responses in phytosynthesis, Publisher: Springer Verlag, Editors: Khalid Reh-man Hakeem, Reiazul Rehman, Inayatullah Tahir
Morales, D., Rodríguez, P., Dell’Amico, J., Nicolás, E., Torrecillas, A., Sánchez-Blanco, M. J. 2003 High-temperature preconditioning and thermal shock imposition affects water relations, gas exchange and root hydraulic conductivity in tomato.-Biol. Plant. 47: 203–208,
Motilal B., P. Jogeshwar, Mishra, R. R. and Rath, S. P. 2012. Analysis of EMS induced in vitro mutants of Asteracantha longifolia L. Nees using RAPD markers. Indian j. of Biotechnology vol., 11, pp 39-47.
Mourvaki, E., S. Gizzi, R. Rossi and S. Rufini. 2005. Passionflower Frui., A New Source of Lycopene. J. Med. Food: 104-106.
Neary, G. J., H. J. Evans and Tonkinson. 1957. Mitotic delay induced by gamma radiation in Broad Bean root meristems. Nature, 179: 917-918.
Pakorn, T., T. Taychasinpitak, C. Jompuk and P. Jompuk. 2009. Effects of Acute and Chronic Gamma irradia-tions on in vitro culture of Anubias congensis. J. Nat. Sci., 43: 449-457.
Piri, I., B. Mehdi, T. Abolfazl and J. Mehdi. 2011. The use of gamma irradiation in agriculture. Afr. J. Micro. Biol. Res., 32: 5806-5811.
Pirzad AR, Shakiba MR, Zehtab-Salmasi S, Mohammadi SA, Darvishzadeh R, and Samadi A. 2011. Effect of water stress on leaf relative water content, chlorophyll, proline and soluble carbohydrates in Matricaria chamomilla L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(12): 2483-248
Schoffl, F., R. Prandl, and A. Reindl. 1999. Molecular responses to heat stress. In: Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, (eds). Molecular Responses to Cold, selected on the basis of temperature-induction re-sponse. Theor. Appl. Genet., 99:359–36.
Senthil, K., M. M. B. Raju, and M. Udayakumar M. 2002c. Development of abiotic stress tolerant tomato and capsicum lines: a novel approach using TTC and TIR techniques. Paper presented in ‘International con-ference on vegetables, 11–14 November 2002, Bangalore, India, No. II-180-O, p 51.
Senthil, K.., M. Srikanthbabu, V. P. Aarati and M. Udayakumar. 2002d. Identifying tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) population for abiotic stress tolerance: A screening technique using TTC. Paper presented in ‘National seminar on emerging trends in horticulture 14–15 February 2002, Annamalainagar, India, No. 3.6, p 86.
Shaffer, S. D. and L. L. Wallrath and S. C. R. Elgin. 1993. Regulating genes by packaging domains: Bits of heterochromatin in euchromatin. Trends in Gen., 9: 35-40.
Shahin Abad, L. M., V. Rashidi, and A. R. Eivazi. 2013. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices in corn geno-types (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Current Research 5:85-88.
Singh, R. P., P. V. Vara Prasad, K. Sunita, S. N. Giri and K. R. Reddy, 2007. Influence of high temperature and breeding for heat tolerance in cotton. Adv. Agron., 93: 313–85.
Sparrow, A. H. and Gunckel, J. E. 1955. The effect on plants of chronic exposure to gamma radiation from radiocobalt. Proc. Intnl. Conf. Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 12: 52-59.
Swoboda, P., Hohn B. and Gal S. 1993 Somatic homologous recombination in planta: the recombination frequency is dependent on the allelic state of recombining sequences and may be influenced by genomic position effects. Mol. Gen. Genet., 237, 33–40.
Swoboda, P., B. Hohn and S. Gal. 1993. Somatic homologous recombination in plants: The recombination frequency is dependent on the allelic state of recombining sequences and may be influenced by genomic position effects. Mol. Gen. Genet., 237: 33-40.
Wahid A, Gelani S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR. Heat tolerance in plants: An overview. Environ Exp Bot. 2007;61:199–223.
Wu, M. T. and Wallner, S. J.1983 Heat stress responses in cultured plant cells. Development and comparison of viability tests; Plant Physiol 72 : 817–820.
Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan Pakistan
All articles published in electronic form under CC BY-SA 4.0, in open access, the full content of the licence is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.pl .
