Relationship between root and yield related morphological characters in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Sylwia Ciaglo-Androsiuk
sylwia.ciaglo@uwm.edu.plUniversity of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology; Pl. Lodzki 3; 10-967 Olsztyn (Poland)
Abstract
Relation between morphological traits of the root system and yield related traits is an important issue concerning efforts aiming at improving of ideotype of cultivated plants species, including pea. In this paper, to analyse the dependency between traits describing the root system morphology and yield potential, Person’s and Spearman's correlations as well as canonical correlations were used.
Root system was analyzed in 14 and 21 day-old seedlings growing in blotting-paper cylinders. Yield po- tential of pea was analysed in a field experiment. Results of Person’s and Spearman's correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density were correlated witch yield related traits. Correlation between root length and shoot length was observed only for 14 day-old seedlings. The result of canonical correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density had the largest effect on yield re- lated traits. This work highlights, that in order to improve the yield of pea it might become necessary to under- stand genetic determination of morphological traits of the root system, especially number of lateral roots.
Keywords:
canonical correlations, correlations, pea, Pisum sativum, root system, yieldReferences
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Amelin A.V. Parakhin N.V. 2003. Scientific grounds for pea selection for fodder production. Kormoproizvodstvo, 2: 20-25. Abstract from CAB Abstract AN: 20033049804.
Ciągło-Androsiuk S. 2009. Morphological and molecular characteristic of Pisum sativum L. chosen varieties and mutants. Doctor dissertation realized in Dept. of Genetics of Faculty of Biology on University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (in Polish).
FAO/IAEA. http://www-infocris.iaea.org/MVD/ last accessed in may 2011.
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Girdthai T., Jogloy S., Kesmala T., Vorasoot N., Akkasaeng C., Wongkaew S., Holbrook C.C. Jr, Patanothai A. 2010 Relationship between root characteristics of peanut in hydroponics and pot studies. Crop Sci- ence, 50: 159-167.
Górny, A. 1978. Mutations of the root system of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) In: Klimaszewski S.M., Małuszyński M. (ed.): Mutagenesis of higher plants. University of Silesia, Katowice, 68-74. (in Polish).
Górny A.G. (1992): Genetic variation of the root system in spring barley and oat. Treatises and Monographs no. 1, IGR PAN Poznan, 1–90.
Grzesiak S., Filek W., Skrudlik G., Niziol B. 1996 Screening for drought tolerance: Evaulation of seed germination and seedling growth for drought resistance in Legume plants. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 177: 245–246.
Hammer G.L., Dong Z., McLean G., Doherty A., Messina C., Schussler J., Zinselmeier C., Paszkiewicz S., Cooper M. (2009): Can changes in canopy and/or root system architecture explain historical maize yield trends in the U.S. Corn Belt? Crop Science, 49: 299–312.
Hashemi P., Banniza S., Davis A., Warkentin T., Vandenberg A. 2003 Relationships between lodging, stem anatomy, and reaction to mycosphaerella blight in field pea. In: Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Pulse Days, Saskatoon, Canada, 64.
Ingram K.T., Bueno F.D., Namuco O.S., Yambao E.B., Beyrouty C.A. 1994 Rice root traits for drought resistance and their genetic variation. IRRI, Philippines. In: G.J.D Kirk (ed.): Rice Roots. Nutrient and Water Use, 67-77.
Jin J., Wang G., Liu X., Mi L., Li Y., Xu Y., Herbert S.J. 2010 Genetic improvement of yield shapes the temporal and spatial root morphology of soybean (Glycine max) grown in north-east China. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 38: 177-188.
Jordan W.R., Dugas W.A., Shouse P.J. 1983 Strategies for crop improvement drought-prone region. Agricultural Water Management, 7: 281–299.
Kanbar A., Toorchi M., Shashidhar H.E. 2009 Relationship between root and yield morphological characters in rainfed low land rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cereal Research Communications, 37: 261-268.
Kashiwagi J., Krishnamurthy L., Crouch J.H., Serraj R. 2006 Variability of root length density and its contributions to seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought stress. Field Crops Re- search, 95: 171–181.
Lamb J.F.S., Samac D.A., Barnes D., Henjum K.I 2000 Increased herbage yield in alfalfa associated with selection for fibrous and lateral roots. Crop Science, 40: 693–699.
Lambers H., Atkin O., Millenaar F.F. 2002 Respiratory patterns in roots in relation to their functioning. In: Y. Waisel, Eshel A., Kafkaki K. (ed.): Plant roots, the hidden half. 521–552.
Lynch J. 1995: Root Architecture and Plant Productivity. Plant Physiology, 109: 7-13.
Lynch J.P. 2007 Roots of the Second Green Revolution. Australian Journal of Botany, 55: 493–512.
Lynch J.P., Beebe S.E. 1995 Adaptation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to low phosphorus availability. HortScience 30: 1165–1171.
McIntosh M.S., Miller D.A. 1980 Development of root-branching in three alfalfa cultivars. Crop Science, 20: 807–809.
McPhee K. 2005 Variation for Seedling Root Architecture in the Core Collection of Pea Germplasm. Crop Science, 45: 1758-1763.
Mia, M.W., A. Yamauchi and Y. Kono. 1996 Root system structure of six good legume species: Inter-and intraspecific variations. Japanese Journal of Crop Sciense, 65: 131-140.
Nielsen K.L., Bouma T.J., Lynch J.P., Eissenstat D.M. 1998 Effects of phosphorus availability and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizas on the carbon budget of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). New Phytologist, 139: 647–656.
Nielsen K.L., Eshel A., Lynch J.P. 2001 The effect of phosphorus availability on the carbon economy of contrasting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 329– 339.
Prins U., de Wit J. 2006 Intercropping cereals and grain legumes: a farmers perspective. p. 292–293. In: C.Bo Andreasen, Elsgaard L., Sondergaard Sorensen L. (ed.): Organic Farming and European Rural Development Proceedings of European Joint Organic Congress, 30–31 May 2006, Odense (DK).
Qu L.Y., Ali M.Q., Takayoshi K. 2003 Root growth characteristics, biomass and nutrient dynamics of seedlings of two larch species raised under different fertilization regimes. Plant Soil, /255: 293-302.
Rouhani I., Black C.C. Jr, Vines H.M., Kormanik P.P. 1987 Effect of number of lateral roots on eggplant growth and yield. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 67: 305-313.
Saindon G., Michaud R., St. Pierre C.A. 1991 Breeding for root yield in alfalfa. Canadian Journal of Plant
Science, 71: 727–735.
Sarker A., Erskine W., Singh M. 2005 Variation in shoot and root characteristics and their association with drought tolerance in lentil landraces. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 52: 89–97.
StatSoft, Inc. 2009. STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 9.0. www.statsoft.com. Święcicki W.K. 1975 Studies of the root system Pisum sativum L. Hodowla Roślin 5: 15-16. (in Polish) Thorup-Kristensen K. (1998) Root growth of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes. Crop Science, 38: 1445 -1451.
Toorchi M., Shashidhar H.E., Sridhara H. 2006 Influence of the root system on grain yield and related charac- ters in rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 2267-2272.
Ward K.J., Klepper B., Rickman R.W., Allmaras R.R. 1978 Quantitative estimation of living wheat-root lengths in soil cores. Agronomy Journal, 70: 675-677.
Zobel R.W. 1975 The genetics of root development. In: Torrey J.G, Clarkson D.T. (ed.): The Development and Function of Roots. London: Academic Press. 261-275. Google Scholar
Amelin A.V. Parakhin N.V. 2003. Scientific grounds for pea selection for fodder production. Kormoproizvodstvo, 2: 20-25. Abstract from CAB Abstract AN: 20033049804.
Ciągło-Androsiuk S. 2009. Morphological and molecular characteristic of Pisum sativum L. chosen varieties and mutants. Doctor dissertation realized in Dept. of Genetics of Faculty of Biology on University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (in Polish).
FAO/IAEA. http://www-infocris.iaea.org/MVD/ last accessed in may 2011.
Fogel R. (1985) Roots as primary producers in below-ground ecosystems. In: A.H. Fitter, Atkinson D., Read D.J., Usher M.B. (ed.): Ecological Interactions in Soil: Plants Microbes and Animals, special publication No. 4 of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 23-36.
Girdthai T., Jogloy S., Kesmala T., Vorasoot N., Akkasaeng C., Wongkaew S., Holbrook C.C. Jr, Patanothai A. 2010 Relationship between root characteristics of peanut in hydroponics and pot studies. Crop Sci- ence, 50: 159-167.
Górny, A. 1978. Mutations of the root system of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) In: Klimaszewski S.M., Małuszyński M. (ed.): Mutagenesis of higher plants. University of Silesia, Katowice, 68-74. (in Polish).
Górny A.G. (1992): Genetic variation of the root system in spring barley and oat. Treatises and Monographs no. 1, IGR PAN Poznan, 1–90.
Grzesiak S., Filek W., Skrudlik G., Niziol B. 1996 Screening for drought tolerance: Evaulation of seed germination and seedling growth for drought resistance in Legume plants. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 177: 245–246.
Hammer G.L., Dong Z., McLean G., Doherty A., Messina C., Schussler J., Zinselmeier C., Paszkiewicz S., Cooper M. (2009): Can changes in canopy and/or root system architecture explain historical maize yield trends in the U.S. Corn Belt? Crop Science, 49: 299–312.
Hashemi P., Banniza S., Davis A., Warkentin T., Vandenberg A. 2003 Relationships between lodging, stem anatomy, and reaction to mycosphaerella blight in field pea. In: Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Pulse Days, Saskatoon, Canada, 64.
Ingram K.T., Bueno F.D., Namuco O.S., Yambao E.B., Beyrouty C.A. 1994 Rice root traits for drought resistance and their genetic variation. IRRI, Philippines. In: G.J.D Kirk (ed.): Rice Roots. Nutrient and Water Use, 67-77.
Jin J., Wang G., Liu X., Mi L., Li Y., Xu Y., Herbert S.J. 2010 Genetic improvement of yield shapes the temporal and spatial root morphology of soybean (Glycine max) grown in north-east China. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 38: 177-188.
Jordan W.R., Dugas W.A., Shouse P.J. 1983 Strategies for crop improvement drought-prone region. Agricultural Water Management, 7: 281–299.
Kanbar A., Toorchi M., Shashidhar H.E. 2009 Relationship between root and yield morphological characters in rainfed low land rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cereal Research Communications, 37: 261-268.
Kashiwagi J., Krishnamurthy L., Crouch J.H., Serraj R. 2006 Variability of root length density and its contributions to seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought stress. Field Crops Re- search, 95: 171–181.
Lamb J.F.S., Samac D.A., Barnes D., Henjum K.I 2000 Increased herbage yield in alfalfa associated with selection for fibrous and lateral roots. Crop Science, 40: 693–699.
Lambers H., Atkin O., Millenaar F.F. 2002 Respiratory patterns in roots in relation to their functioning. In: Y. Waisel, Eshel A., Kafkaki K. (ed.): Plant roots, the hidden half. 521–552.
Lynch J. 1995: Root Architecture and Plant Productivity. Plant Physiology, 109: 7-13.
Lynch J.P. 2007 Roots of the Second Green Revolution. Australian Journal of Botany, 55: 493–512.
Lynch J.P., Beebe S.E. 1995 Adaptation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to low phosphorus availability. HortScience 30: 1165–1171.
McIntosh M.S., Miller D.A. 1980 Development of root-branching in three alfalfa cultivars. Crop Science, 20: 807–809.
McPhee K. 2005 Variation for Seedling Root Architecture in the Core Collection of Pea Germplasm. Crop Science, 45: 1758-1763.
Mia, M.W., A. Yamauchi and Y. Kono. 1996 Root system structure of six good legume species: Inter-and intraspecific variations. Japanese Journal of Crop Sciense, 65: 131-140.
Nielsen K.L., Bouma T.J., Lynch J.P., Eissenstat D.M. 1998 Effects of phosphorus availability and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizas on the carbon budget of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). New Phytologist, 139: 647–656.
Nielsen K.L., Eshel A., Lynch J.P. 2001 The effect of phosphorus availability on the carbon economy of contrasting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 329– 339.
Prins U., de Wit J. 2006 Intercropping cereals and grain legumes: a farmers perspective. p. 292–293. In: C.Bo Andreasen, Elsgaard L., Sondergaard Sorensen L. (ed.): Organic Farming and European Rural Development Proceedings of European Joint Organic Congress, 30–31 May 2006, Odense (DK).
Qu L.Y., Ali M.Q., Takayoshi K. 2003 Root growth characteristics, biomass and nutrient dynamics of seedlings of two larch species raised under different fertilization regimes. Plant Soil, /255: 293-302.
Rouhani I., Black C.C. Jr, Vines H.M., Kormanik P.P. 1987 Effect of number of lateral roots on eggplant growth and yield. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 67: 305-313.
Saindon G., Michaud R., St. Pierre C.A. 1991 Breeding for root yield in alfalfa. Canadian Journal of Plant
Science, 71: 727–735.
Sarker A., Erskine W., Singh M. 2005 Variation in shoot and root characteristics and their association with drought tolerance in lentil landraces. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 52: 89–97.
StatSoft, Inc. 2009. STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 9.0. www.statsoft.com. Święcicki W.K. 1975 Studies of the root system Pisum sativum L. Hodowla Roślin 5: 15-16. (in Polish) Thorup-Kristensen K. (1998) Root growth of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes. Crop Science, 38: 1445 -1451.
Toorchi M., Shashidhar H.E., Sridhara H. 2006 Influence of the root system on grain yield and related charac- ters in rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 2267-2272.
Ward K.J., Klepper B., Rickman R.W., Allmaras R.R. 1978 Quantitative estimation of living wheat-root lengths in soil cores. Agronomy Journal, 70: 675-677.
Zobel R.W. 1975 The genetics of root development. In: Torrey J.G, Clarkson D.T. (ed.): The Development and Function of Roots. London: Academic Press. 261-275. Google Scholar
Ciaglo-Androsiuk, S. . (2012). Relationship between root and yield related morphological characters in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 66, 3–16. Retrieved from http://ojs.ihar.edu.pl/index.php/pbss/article/view/311
Authors
Sylwia Ciaglo-Androsiuksylwia.ciaglo@uwm.edu.pl
University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology; Pl. Lodzki 3; 10-967 Olsztyn Poland
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