Characterization of translocation of rye strains with Dasypyrum villosum (Crimea, Ukraine)

Daniela Gruszecka

Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agriculture, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin (Poland)

Alicja Pietrusiak

Plant Breeding Company DANKO, Department Laski, 05-660 Warka (Poland)

Abstract

The aim of study was to obtain rye strains of elevated total protein content and 1000-kernel weight with shorter and more rigid stalk comparing to standard cv. Amilo Translocation rye strains created due to distant crossbreeding of cv. Amilo (2n=RR=14) with wild form of Dasypyrum villosum (Crimea, Ukraine) (2n=VV=14) using in vitro cultures were study objects. F₂ hybrids were three times back-crossed using parental rye pollen and then twice and three times self-pollinated (B₃/F₂ and B₃/F₃), study were sown in a micro-experiment in Laski on a good rye soil complex (ph 6.6) during 1998/1999 (98 strains) and 1999/2000 (123 strains) vegetation seasons. Strains under study were characterized with higher trait differentiation in the first year than the second. They usually headed 4-5 days after standard, although 5 strains among 98 ones studied in the first year and 9 strains among 123 ones in the second headed two days earlier. Comparing to standard, plants height was lower even by 20°cm in both years and their uniformity was usually higher, up to 3.0° and 3.8° respectively. Plant’s lodging was comparable to cv. Amilo at earlier generation; it increased to 1.8° above standard at the following one. Mean 1000-kernel weight of the standard was 36.8 g and 38.7 g, respectively in both years of study; however, it equaled 31.2-47.6 g and 33.8-41.6 g for strains. Only those strains exceeded cv. Amilo referring to protein content (N × 6.25) were selected (0.4-2.6% and 0.1-1.8%, respectively for years of study). Yielding, weight of hectoliter and sedimentation index that were below standard variety should be improved. Generally, better results were obtained in the second year, in which one strain yielded even by 2.8% higher than the standard. Strains selected for further breeding were less infected with black stem rust (up to +1.6°) than a standard rye variety. Selection coefficient amounted 31% and 21%, respectively in the first and second year of study.

Keywords:

Dasypyrum villosum, Haynaldia villosa, quantitatve traits, Secale cereale