The effect of maturation stage and after-ripening on seed quality in organically- and conventionally-produced pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds
Kutay YILDIRIM
kutaycoskun.yildirim@tarimorman.gov.tra:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:48:"Ataturk Horticultural Central Research Institute";} (Turkey)
Ibrahim DEMIR
University of Ankara (Turkey)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-0689
Abstrakt
High quality seed production is essential in organic production as well as in conventional production. Fruit maturity can be observed at different times due to the continuous flowering of pepper plant. Consequently, seeds with different maturity are obtained as the fruits are collected during once over-harvesting period. Immature seeds collected in once over-harvest may cause quality losses in the seed lot. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effect of after-ripening on mature and immature pepper seeds produced in organic and conventional production systems. To see the effect of after-ripening treatment, seeds were harvested in two different periods (immature 45-50 day after anthesis(DAA) and mature 60-65DAA). After-ripening(AR) was performed by keeping the seeds in fruits for 7 days after harvesting the fruits. Effect of production systems and after-ripening on immature and mature pepper seed lots were assessed for four cultivars harvested in 2015 and 2016. After-ripening increased germination (AR:76.3%, C:28% for organic and AR:88%, C:53.8% for conventional), seedling emergence (AR:70.8%, C:44.3% for organic and AR:82.5%, C:53.8% for conventional) percentages and mean weight of 1000 seeds (AR:6.5, C:6.0g for organic and AR:6.5, C:6.2g for conventional) in both production systems of immature seed lots compared to control (C)(P<0.05) but did not have a similar effect on mature ones. Moreover, organically-produced seed lots have the same quality as conventionally-produced seeds. Consequently, obtained results indicate that after-ripening can be used to enhance the quality of immature seeds of pepper cultivars and seeds can be produced organically without any loss of quality.
Instytucje finansujące
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Degirmen Eco-Investment Company
Słowa kluczowe:
after ripening, germination, harvesting periods, organic seed, pepperBibliografia
Anonymous, 2005. Implementing Regulation on Principles and Application of Organic Agriculture. No: 25841. Date of access: 21.03.2019.
Anonymous, 2016. State of Organic Seed. http://stateoforganicseed.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/SOS-2016-report-FINAL-DIGITAL.pdf. Date of access: 25.03.2019.
Barbedo, C.J., Coelho, A.S., Zanin, A.C.W. and Nakagawa, J. 1993. Influence of age of cucumber fruits on seed quality. Horticultura Brasileira, 11; 18-21.
Barbedo, A.S.C., Zanin, A.C.W., Barbedo, C.J. and Nakagawa, J. 1994. Efeitos da idade e do periodo de repouso pós-colheita dos frutos sobre a qualidade de sementes de berinjela. (Effects of age and post-harvest storage of eggplant fruits on seed quality). Horticultura Brasileira, 12; 18-21.
Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M. 1998. Seeds. Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, Academic Pres, 666 pp.
Bonina, J. and Cantliffe, D.J. 2004. Seed production and seed sources of organic vegetables. University of Florida, IFAS Extension, USA.
Caixeta, F., von Pinho, V.R.É., Guimarães, R.M., Pereira, P.H.A.R. and Catão, H.C.R.M. 2014. Physiological and biochemical alterations during germination and storage of habanero pepper seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(6); 627-635.
Carvalho, N.M. and Nakagawa, J. 2000. Sementes: ciência, tecnologia e produção. Seeds science technology and production, 4 ed. Funep, Jaboticabal, 588 p.
Demir, I. and Ellis, R.H. 1992a. Development of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed quality. Annual Application Biology, 121; 385-399.
Demir, I. and Ellis, R.H. 1992b. Changes in seed quality during seed development and maturation in tomato. Seed Science Research, 2; 81-87.
Demir, I., Kara, F., Ozden, E. and Hassanzadeh, M. 2016. The effects of seed moisture content and regional storage temperature on the longevity of two onion cultivars. VII International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae, 21-25 May, ActaHorticulturae, 1143-1148, Niğde, Turkey.
Demir, I., Ozden, E., Yıldırım, K.C., Sahin, O. and Van Staden, J. 2018. Priming with smoke-derived karrikinolide enhances germination and transplant quality of immature and mature pepper seed lots. South African Journal of Botany, 115; 264–268.
Demir, I. and Samit, Y. 2001. Seed quality in relation to fruit maturation and seed dry weight during development in tomato. Seed Science and Technology, 29; 453-462.
Desai, B.B., Kotecha, P.M. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1997. Seeds handbook: biology, production, processing and storage. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 627p.
Dias, D.C.F.S., Ribeiro, F.P., Dias, L.A.S., Silva, D.H. and Vidigal. D.S. 2006. Tomato seed quality in relation to fruit maturation and post-harvest storage. Seed Science and Technology, 34; 691-699.
Duman, I. 2009. Determination of Yield and Quality Characteristics in Organic Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Production. Ege University Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 46(3), pp. 155-163.
Edwards, R.L. and Sundstrom, F.L. 1987. After ripening and harvesting effects on tobasco pepper seed germination performance. Hortscience, 22; 473-475.
Ellis, R.H. and Roberts, E.H. 1980. Towards a rational basis for seed testing in seed production. Ed. P.D. Hebblethwaite, Butterworths, London, 605-635.
Groot, S.P.C., van der Wolf, J.M., Jalink, H., Langerak, C.J. and van den Bulk, R.W. 2004. Challenges for the production of high quality organic seeds. Seed Testing International No. 127, p:12-15.
ISTA, 2016. International Rules for Seed Testing. Edition 2016. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Kalyanrao, B.S.T. and Singh, B. 2014. Effect of stage of harvest and post harvest ripening on hybrid seed yield and quality in bottle gourd. Indian Journal of. Horticulture, 71(3); 428-432.
Kenanoğlu, B.B., Demir, I. and Jalink, H. 2013. Chlorophyll fluorescence sorting method to improve quality of Capsicum pepper seed lots produced from different maturity fruits. HortScience, 48(8).
Kumar, V., Tomar, B.S., Singh, B. and Kumar, S. 2014. Effect of post-harvest ripening and drying methods on seed quality and storability in pumpkin cv Pusa Hybrid 1. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84(9); 1144-1148.
Mavi, K., Demir, I. and Matthews, S. 2010. Mean germination time estimates the relative emergence of seed lots of three cucurbit crops under stress conditions. Seed Science and Technology, 38; 14-25.
Nogueira, J.L., da Silva, B.A., Mógor, Á.F., Grzybowski, C.R.S. and Panobianco, M. 2017. Quality of organically produced bell pepper seeds. Journal of Seed Science, 39 (2); 100-105.
Passam, H.C., Theodoropoulou, S., Karanissa, T. and Karapanos, I.C. 2010. Influence of harvest time and after-ripening on the seed quality of eggplant. Scientia Horticulturae, 125; 518-520.
Sanchez, V.M., Sundstrom, F.J., McClure, G.N. and Lang, N.S. 1993. Fruit maturity, storage and postharvest maturation treatments affect bellpepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 54(3); 191-201.
Santos, H.O., Von Pinho, E.V.R., Von Pinho, I.V., Dutra, S.M.F., Andrade, T. and Guimarães, R.M. 2015. Physiological quality and gene expression during the development of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) seeds. Genet. Mol. Res 14(2):5085-5098.
dos Santos, H.O., Dutra, S.M.F., Raquel, R.W.P., Pires, M.O., von Pinho, É.V.R., da Rosa, S.D.V.F. and de Carvalho, M.L.M. 2016. Physiological quality of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) seeds based on development and drying process. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(12); 1102-1109.
Sinniah, U.R., Ellis, R.H. and John, P. 1998. Irrigation and seed quality development in rapid-cycling brassica: soluble carbohydrates and heat-stable proteins. Annals of Botany, 82; 647–655.
Sripathy, K.V., Hosamani, J., Bellundagi, A. and Prabhakar, I. 2012. Organic Seed Production. Environment & Ecology 30 (1) : 102-105.
Tasbasli, H., Zeytin, B., Aksoy, E. and Konuskan, H.M. 2003. General Principles of Organic Agriculture. T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research, Planning and Coordination Board, Ankara,118p.
Vidigal, D.S., Dias, D.C.F.S., Dias, L.A.S. and Finger, F.L. 2011. Changes in seed quality during fruit maturation of sweet pepper. Science Agricola, 68(5); 535-539.
Vidigal, D.S., Dias, D.C.F.S., Naveira, D.S.P., Rocha, F.B. and Bhering, M.C. 2006. Qualidade fi siológica de sementes de tomate em função da idade e do armazenamento pós-colheita dos frutos. (Physiological quality of tomato seeds in relation to fruit age and post-harvest storage). Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 28; 87- 93.
Vidigal, D.S., Dias, D.C.F.S., von Pınho, E.R.V. and Dias, L.A.S. 2009. Sweet pepper seed quality and lea-protein activity in relation to fruit maturation and post-harvest storage. Seed Science and Technology, 37; 192-201.
Welbaum, G.E. and Bradford, K.J. 1988: Water relations of seed development and germination in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). I. Water relations of seed and fruit development. Plant Physiology, 86; 406-411.
Weston, L.A., Geneve, R.L. and Staub, J.E. 1992. Seed dormancy in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef. Scientia Horticulturae 50; 35–46.
Yanmaz, R., Demir, I. and Ellialtıoglu, S. 1994. Effect of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol 6000) treatment on the germination and emergence of pepper and eggplant seeds at low temperatures. ISTA/ISHS Symposium, Technological Advances in Variety and Seed Research 31 May-3 June 1994, Wageningen/Netherlands.
Yildirim K.C., Demir I. 2018. Effects of organic and conventional cultivation systems and different harvest periods on seed quality development in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). International Participant Turkey 6th Seed Congress, 10-13 September 2018, Niğde, Proceedings of Congress: 195-201p.
van der Zeijden, D. 2003. The economics of Bejo's organic seed programme. In: Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding - Strategies, problems and perspectives. Proceedings of ECO-PB 1st International symposium on organic seed production and plant breeding, Berlin, Germany 21-22 November 2002, (Eds. E.T. Lammerts van Bueren and K-P. Wilbois): pp 55-58. Google Scholar
Anonymous, 2016. State of Organic Seed. http://stateoforganicseed.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/SOS-2016-report-FINAL-DIGITAL.pdf. Date of access: 25.03.2019.
Barbedo, C.J., Coelho, A.S., Zanin, A.C.W. and Nakagawa, J. 1993. Influence of age of cucumber fruits on seed quality. Horticultura Brasileira, 11; 18-21.
Barbedo, A.S.C., Zanin, A.C.W., Barbedo, C.J. and Nakagawa, J. 1994. Efeitos da idade e do periodo de repouso pós-colheita dos frutos sobre a qualidade de sementes de berinjela. (Effects of age and post-harvest storage of eggplant fruits on seed quality). Horticultura Brasileira, 12; 18-21.
Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M. 1998. Seeds. Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, Academic Pres, 666 pp.
Bonina, J. and Cantliffe, D.J. 2004. Seed production and seed sources of organic vegetables. University of Florida, IFAS Extension, USA.
Caixeta, F., von Pinho, V.R.É., Guimarães, R.M., Pereira, P.H.A.R. and Catão, H.C.R.M. 2014. Physiological and biochemical alterations during germination and storage of habanero pepper seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(6); 627-635.
Carvalho, N.M. and Nakagawa, J. 2000. Sementes: ciência, tecnologia e produção. Seeds science technology and production, 4 ed. Funep, Jaboticabal, 588 p.
Demir, I. and Ellis, R.H. 1992a. Development of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed quality. Annual Application Biology, 121; 385-399.
Demir, I. and Ellis, R.H. 1992b. Changes in seed quality during seed development and maturation in tomato. Seed Science Research, 2; 81-87.
Demir, I., Kara, F., Ozden, E. and Hassanzadeh, M. 2016. The effects of seed moisture content and regional storage temperature on the longevity of two onion cultivars. VII International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae, 21-25 May, ActaHorticulturae, 1143-1148, Niğde, Turkey.
Demir, I., Ozden, E., Yıldırım, K.C., Sahin, O. and Van Staden, J. 2018. Priming with smoke-derived karrikinolide enhances germination and transplant quality of immature and mature pepper seed lots. South African Journal of Botany, 115; 264–268.
Demir, I. and Samit, Y. 2001. Seed quality in relation to fruit maturation and seed dry weight during development in tomato. Seed Science and Technology, 29; 453-462.
Desai, B.B., Kotecha, P.M. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1997. Seeds handbook: biology, production, processing and storage. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 627p.
Dias, D.C.F.S., Ribeiro, F.P., Dias, L.A.S., Silva, D.H. and Vidigal. D.S. 2006. Tomato seed quality in relation to fruit maturation and post-harvest storage. Seed Science and Technology, 34; 691-699.
Duman, I. 2009. Determination of Yield and Quality Characteristics in Organic Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Production. Ege University Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 46(3), pp. 155-163.
Edwards, R.L. and Sundstrom, F.L. 1987. After ripening and harvesting effects on tobasco pepper seed germination performance. Hortscience, 22; 473-475.
Ellis, R.H. and Roberts, E.H. 1980. Towards a rational basis for seed testing in seed production. Ed. P.D. Hebblethwaite, Butterworths, London, 605-635.
Groot, S.P.C., van der Wolf, J.M., Jalink, H., Langerak, C.J. and van den Bulk, R.W. 2004. Challenges for the production of high quality organic seeds. Seed Testing International No. 127, p:12-15.
ISTA, 2016. International Rules for Seed Testing. Edition 2016. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Kalyanrao, B.S.T. and Singh, B. 2014. Effect of stage of harvest and post harvest ripening on hybrid seed yield and quality in bottle gourd. Indian Journal of. Horticulture, 71(3); 428-432.
Kenanoğlu, B.B., Demir, I. and Jalink, H. 2013. Chlorophyll fluorescence sorting method to improve quality of Capsicum pepper seed lots produced from different maturity fruits. HortScience, 48(8).
Kumar, V., Tomar, B.S., Singh, B. and Kumar, S. 2014. Effect of post-harvest ripening and drying methods on seed quality and storability in pumpkin cv Pusa Hybrid 1. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84(9); 1144-1148.
Mavi, K., Demir, I. and Matthews, S. 2010. Mean germination time estimates the relative emergence of seed lots of three cucurbit crops under stress conditions. Seed Science and Technology, 38; 14-25.
Nogueira, J.L., da Silva, B.A., Mógor, Á.F., Grzybowski, C.R.S. and Panobianco, M. 2017. Quality of organically produced bell pepper seeds. Journal of Seed Science, 39 (2); 100-105.
Passam, H.C., Theodoropoulou, S., Karanissa, T. and Karapanos, I.C. 2010. Influence of harvest time and after-ripening on the seed quality of eggplant. Scientia Horticulturae, 125; 518-520.
Sanchez, V.M., Sundstrom, F.J., McClure, G.N. and Lang, N.S. 1993. Fruit maturity, storage and postharvest maturation treatments affect bellpepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 54(3); 191-201.
Santos, H.O., Von Pinho, E.V.R., Von Pinho, I.V., Dutra, S.M.F., Andrade, T. and Guimarães, R.M. 2015. Physiological quality and gene expression during the development of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) seeds. Genet. Mol. Res 14(2):5085-5098.
dos Santos, H.O., Dutra, S.M.F., Raquel, R.W.P., Pires, M.O., von Pinho, É.V.R., da Rosa, S.D.V.F. and de Carvalho, M.L.M. 2016. Physiological quality of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) seeds based on development and drying process. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(12); 1102-1109.
Sinniah, U.R., Ellis, R.H. and John, P. 1998. Irrigation and seed quality development in rapid-cycling brassica: soluble carbohydrates and heat-stable proteins. Annals of Botany, 82; 647–655.
Sripathy, K.V., Hosamani, J., Bellundagi, A. and Prabhakar, I. 2012. Organic Seed Production. Environment & Ecology 30 (1) : 102-105.
Tasbasli, H., Zeytin, B., Aksoy, E. and Konuskan, H.M. 2003. General Principles of Organic Agriculture. T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research, Planning and Coordination Board, Ankara,118p.
Vidigal, D.S., Dias, D.C.F.S., Dias, L.A.S. and Finger, F.L. 2011. Changes in seed quality during fruit maturation of sweet pepper. Science Agricola, 68(5); 535-539.
Vidigal, D.S., Dias, D.C.F.S., Naveira, D.S.P., Rocha, F.B. and Bhering, M.C. 2006. Qualidade fi siológica de sementes de tomate em função da idade e do armazenamento pós-colheita dos frutos. (Physiological quality of tomato seeds in relation to fruit age and post-harvest storage). Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 28; 87- 93.
Vidigal, D.S., Dias, D.C.F.S., von Pınho, E.R.V. and Dias, L.A.S. 2009. Sweet pepper seed quality and lea-protein activity in relation to fruit maturation and post-harvest storage. Seed Science and Technology, 37; 192-201.
Welbaum, G.E. and Bradford, K.J. 1988: Water relations of seed development and germination in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). I. Water relations of seed and fruit development. Plant Physiology, 86; 406-411.
Weston, L.A., Geneve, R.L. and Staub, J.E. 1992. Seed dormancy in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef. Scientia Horticulturae 50; 35–46.
Yanmaz, R., Demir, I. and Ellialtıoglu, S. 1994. Effect of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol 6000) treatment on the germination and emergence of pepper and eggplant seeds at low temperatures. ISTA/ISHS Symposium, Technological Advances in Variety and Seed Research 31 May-3 June 1994, Wageningen/Netherlands.
Yildirim K.C., Demir I. 2018. Effects of organic and conventional cultivation systems and different harvest periods on seed quality development in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). International Participant Turkey 6th Seed Congress, 10-13 September 2018, Niğde, Proceedings of Congress: 195-201p.
van der Zeijden, D. 2003. The economics of Bejo's organic seed programme. In: Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding - Strategies, problems and perspectives. Proceedings of ECO-PB 1st International symposium on organic seed production and plant breeding, Berlin, Germany 21-22 November 2002, (Eds. E.T. Lammerts van Bueren and K-P. Wilbois): pp 55-58. Google Scholar
YILDIRIM, K., & DEMIR, I. (2020). The effect of maturation stage and after-ripening on seed quality in organically- and conventionally-produced pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 81, 39–45. https://doi.org/10.37317/pbss-2020-0003
Autorzy
Kutay YILDIRIMkutaycoskun.yildirim@tarimorman.gov.tr
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:48:"Ataturk Horticultural Central Research Institute";} Turkey
Statystyki
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Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2020 Kutay YILDIRIM, Ibrahim DEMIR
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