Influence of treatment with hot water, chemical scarification and storage time on germination of Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby) seeds
Romuald Doliński
romuald.dolinski@up.lublin.plInstytut Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie (Poland)
Abstract
Nine samples (6 g each) were collected from freshly harvested and manually threshed Virginia fanpetals seeds. Seeds of six samples were immersed into hot water (50–100°C) for 20 seconds, cooled, and dried on the filter paper. Other samples were kept for 10, 20, or 30 minutes in concentrated sulphuric acid, then washed out with water, and dried. Non-scarified seeds constituted the control. The next day, part of seeds from every combination (4 × 50) were sown onto Petri dishes on wetted filter paper, while others stored for further studies. Every six months (5 dates), the germination of control seeds, those stored after scarification, and freshly scarified, was checked. Scarifying was repeated using 1-gram seed samples taken from the control reserve. Immediately after the harvest, only 3% of control seeds sprouted, whereas after the 6 months their germination increased to 14.5%, to 35.5% after 1.5 years, with subsequent decrease. Hard seeds of Virginia fanpetals stopped their dormancy due to hot water treatment. Fresh seeds had the best germination (73%) after immersing into the boiling water; germination capacity decreased along with the water temperature decrease. Water at 70 to 80°C temperature had the most positive effects on 1-year-old seeds, while at 70°C on the 2.5-year-old ones. Boiling water has not damaged the germs of fresh seeds, but more and more seeds imbibed without germination in subsequent examination dates. When chemically scarified, fresh seeds showed the best germination (68.5%) after the longest acid operation. Germination of one-year-old and older seeds were similar after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of scarification. However, some 2 and 2.5-year-old seeds delayed their germination after longer scarification; root injuries were also observed. The study revealed that Sida hermaphrodita seeds scarified using hot water and concentrated sulphuric acid could have been stored for a long time with no fear of their fast loss of germination capacity. In subsequent storage dates, seeds that were kept in boiling water and those immersed into the sulphuric acid for the longest time, were distinguished by the best germination.
Keywords:
Sida hermaphrodita, hard seeds, hot water, scarification, storing the scarified seeds, sulphuric acidReferences
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Authors
Romuald Dolińskiromuald.dolinski@up.lublin.pl
Instytut Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie Poland
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