Sugar beet — history, current problems and perspectives
Abstract
The history of the sugar beet in Poland can be shortly presented as follows: — the leaf strain (Beta cicla) reached Poland, earlier than Western Europe, probably as early as the pre-Piast era (before the 10th century), and originated from Bizantium, — the root strain of the garden breed (Beta vulgaris) reached Poland probably in the 16th century, — the Silesian sugar beet become common in Poland in the twenties of the 19th century. The sugar beet has caused a revolution in agriculture. Thanks to cultivating sugar beet, agriculture has begun to bring substantial profits. The first sugar mile in the Kingdom of Poland was established in 1826, in Częstocice. The vast development of sugar beet breeding and the progress in agricultural techniques resulted at the end of the 19th century in an over 17% sugar content in the sugar beet. The most intensive development in the production of sugar beet could be observed in the last 15 years. Production of sugar beet for sugar industry will be decreasing in the nearest future due to the overproduction of sugar and the strong competition from cane sugar.
Keywords:
agriculture, breeding, history, cane sugar, industry, production, sugar beetReferences
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