Kinetics of red ear rot of maize caused by Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol accumulation in the grain
Elżbieta Czembor
e.czembor@ihar.edu.plInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Radzików (Poland)
Magdalena Matusiak
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Radzików (Poland)
Abstract
Red and pink ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are important factors affecting the grain yield and quality, mainly because of contamination of the grain with mycotoxins produced by the fungi. In Poland, ear rot is commonly caused by F. graminearum producing deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone and also by F. verticillioides, producing fumonisins. It was observed that during the last years contamination with those toxins increased also in Poland. The aim of this study was to determine differences among maize inbred lines for ear rot resistance based on the kinetics of the disease progress as well as on the kinetics of DON accumulation in the grain. Seven inbred lines were included into this study. Their resistance levels after inoculation using F. graminearum and under natural infection were scored every 10 days from the plants at milk stage till harvesting time using 1–7 scale. DON content was determined in the grain samples collected from the most resistant and the most susceptible lines using ELISA test. The differences in the level of ear rot resistance and the DON contamination in the grain sampled in different times were significant. Also, differences among lines in their level of resistance and the ability to accumulate DON in the grain was determined. After inoculation, severity of the disease was on average about 3 degrees higher than under natural infection and it increased over time. Resistance levels after inoculation ranged from 3.3 to 5.9. On average, it was possible to observe that the first symptoms of the disease occurred 20 days after flowering time, and the largest disease progress was observed 50 days after flowering time. Kernel samples collected from the most resistant inbred line were not contaminated with DON even after inoculation. Kinetics of DON accumulation was described using grain samples collected from the most susceptible line. Samples collected already 20 days after flowering were contaminated with the mycotoxin and the largest increase of contamination was observed 50 days after flowering time.
Keywords:
deoxynivalenol, Fusraium graminearum, ear rot, maize, mycotoxinsReferences
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Authors
Elżbieta Czembore.czembor@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Radzików Poland
Authors
Magdalena MatusiakInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Radzików Poland
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