Effects of organic fertilization on agronomic traits of perennial grass species recommended for conventional and low input farming

Elżbieta Czembor

e.czembor@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Radzików (Poland)

Abstract

Permanent grasslands are a source of healthy forage for a large group of ruminant animals. They also conserve biodiversity, reduce environmental pollution, including nitrogen oxide and sulfur in the air and prevent soil erosion. Because of this red fescue, meadow fescue, timothy-grass, Kentucky bluegrass, wood bluegrass, tall meadow oat and redtop cultivars and ecotypes were evaluated using conventional and organic fertilizers during 3 years. Resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and plant morphology including leaf area and green and dry mass production were described. Fertilizing system had no significant effect on the level of resistance of the red fescue, timothy-grass and redtop to biotic and abiotic stresses. Green and dry mass production were higher under conventional fertilization system than under organic fertilization system. Content of the dry mass in the green mass was higher under organic fertilization system. Based on the obtained results it was possible to conclude that from the marginal group of the grass species, the redtop and red fescue could be recommended for ecological and conventional types of agriculture.

Supporting Agencies

Research results obtained under task 8.1 of the IHAR-PIB Multiannual Program

Keywords:

forage grasses, conventional and organic fertilization, resistance for biotic and abiotic stresses, agronomic traits, forage maintenance

Armstead I. P., Turner L. B., Farrel M., Skøt L., Gomez P., Montoya T., Donnison I. S., King I. P., Humphreys M.O. 2004. Synteny between a major heading date QTL in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Hd3 heading –date locus in rice. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108: 822 — 828.
Google Scholar

Balasko J. A., Evers G. W., Duell R. W. 1995. Bluegrasses, ryegrasses and bentagrasses. W: Barnes R.F., Miller D.A., Nelson C.J. (eds.), Forages Vol. 1. An introduction to grassland agriculture. 5th ed. Iowa Stat Univ. Press. Ames, IA, USA: 357 — 372.
Google Scholar

Bolaric S., Barth S., Melchinger A. E., Posselt U. K. 2005. Molecular characterization of genetic diversity in European germplasm of perennial ryegrass. Euphytica 146: 1–2: 39.
Google Scholar

Boller. B., Greene L. 2009. Genetic Resources. In: Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses, Handbook of Plant Breeding, Boller i in. (eds.). Springer: 13 — 37.
Google Scholar

Bonos S. A., Clarke B. B., Meyer W. A. 2006. Breeding for disease resistance in the major cool-season turfgrasses. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 44: 213 — 234.
Google Scholar

Borysiak J. , Kasprowicz M. 1998. Mikrokrajobrazy roślinne dorzecza Prosny w dolinie Wieruszowskiej. Bad. Fizjogr. Pol. Zach., Ser. B 47: 205 — 225.
Google Scholar

Broda Z. 2001. Odporność na stresy biotyczne i abiotyczne w hodowli roślin pastewnych w świetle XXIII Konferencji Sekcji Upraw Pastewnych i Traw Gazonowych Eucarpia. Łąkarstwo w Polsce 4: 235 — 239.
Google Scholar

Brown A. H. D. 1989. Core collections: a practical approach to genetic resources management. Genome 31: 818 — 824.
Google Scholar

Buxton D.R., Russell J.R. 1988. Lignin constituents and cell-wall digestibility of grass and legume stems. Crop Sci. 28: 553 — 558.
Google Scholar

Cagas B. 2000. Harmful and beneficial microorganisms in grasses. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Harmful and Beneficial Microorganisms in Grassland, Pastures and Turf. Paderborn, Germany, 2000. 7 — 16.
Google Scholar

Cogan N. O., Smith K. F., Yamada T., Francki M. G., Vecchies A. C., Jones E. S., Spangenberg G. C., Forster J. W. 2005. QTL analysis and comparative genomics of herbage quality traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 110 (2): 364 — 380.
Google Scholar

Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2001 a. Powdery mildew resistance in Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes from Poland. Plant Breed. Seed Sci. 45 (2): 21 — 27.
Google Scholar

Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2001 b. Preliminary observations on resistance of Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes from Poland to rust diseases. J. Phytopathol. 149: 83 — 89.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2002. Selection of Kentucky bluegrass for Drechslera poae resistance under greenhouse conditions. J. Phytopathol. 150: 543 — 545.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2003 a. Zależność podatności wiechliny łąkowej na Drechslera poae od dynamiki wzrostu roślin i szerokości liścia w warunkach fitotronowych. Biul. IHAR: 345 — 353.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2003b. Resistance of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) ecotypes from Polish Gene Bank to melting out (Drechslera poae) under field conditions in 1998-2000. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 50: 747 — 756.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2004. Resistance of Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes to melting out (Drechslera poae) under greenhouse conditions. Australian J. Phytopathology 33: 437 — 439.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2007 a. Charakterystyka europejskich odmian życicy trwałej (Lolium perenne L.) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem odporności na stresy biotyczne. Biul. IHAR 245: 223 — 247.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2007 b. Charakterystyka odmian i materiałów hodowlanych życicy wielokwiatowej i życicy mieszańcowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem odporności na stresy biotyczne. Biul. IHAR 245: 249 — 266.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2008. Odporność na rdzę źdźbłową i koronową oraz na pleśń śniegową form gazonowych życicy trwałej w latach 2004–2006. Biul. IHAR 247: 99 — 117.
Google Scholar

Czembor E. 2011. Wielocechowa charakterystyka zmienności genetycznej w kolekcji ekotypów, klonów i odmian życicy trwałej (Lolium perenne L.). Monografie i Rozprawy Naukowe, 35/2011, wyd. IHAR — PIB, Radzików.
Google Scholar

Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2001 a. Powdery mildew resistance in Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes from Poland. Plant Breed. Seed Sci. 45 (2): 21 — 27.
Google Scholar

Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2001b. Preliminary observations on resistance of Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes from Poland to rust diseases. J. Phytopathol. 149: 83 — 89.
Google Scholar

Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2002 a. Diversity of Polish ecotypes of Kentucky bluegrass in green mass production. In: “Broad Variation and Precise Characterization — Limitation for the Future” Święcicki W. K., Naganowska B., Wolko B. (ed.), IGR, IPGRI, IHAR, Poznań, Poland: 307 — 309.
Google Scholar

Falkowski M, Kozłowski S., Maruszewska J. 1976. Zmienność niektórych cech morfologicznych Festuca pratensis, Alopecurus pratensis i Poa trivialis. Acta Agrobotanica 27, 2: 137 — 158.
Google Scholar

Fjellheim S., Blomlle Å. B., Marum P., Rognili O. A. 2007. Phenotyping variation in local populations and cultivars of meadow fescue — potential for improving cultivars by utilizing wild germplasm. Plant Breed. 126: 279 — 286.
Google Scholar

Fjellheim S., Pasakinskiene I., Grønnerød S., Paplauskiene V. O. A. 2009. Genetic structure of local populations and cultivars of meadow fescue from the Nordic and Baltic regions. In: Proc. XVIIIth Meeting of the Eucarpia Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section: ,,Sustainable use of genetic diversity in forage and turf breeding”: 27 p.
Google Scholar

Gilbert J. E., Lewis M. J., Wilkinson M. J. and Caligari P. D. S. 1999. Developing an appropriate strategy to assess genetic variability in plant germplasm collections. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98: 1125 — 1131.
Google Scholar

Góral S. 1998. Znaczenie zasobów genowych roślin użytkowych dla ochrony różnorodności biologicznej. Zeszyty Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 463: 21 — 30.
Google Scholar

Greene S. L., Hannan R. M., Afonin A., Dzyubenko N. I. Khusainov A. 2005. Collecting wild crop relatives in the northwestern steppes of Kazakhstan. Plant Genet. Res. Newsl. 141:1 — 6.
Google Scholar

Hawtin G., Iwanaga M., Hodgkin T. 1997. Genetic resources in breeding for adaptation. Eds. Tigerstedt P. M. A., Adaptation in Plant Breeding, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands: 277 — 288.
Google Scholar

Hazard L., Chesquire M., Betin, M. 1994. Breeding for management adaptation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). I. Assesment of yield under contrasting frequencies in relationships with leaf morphogenesis components. Agronomie 14: 259 — 266.
Google Scholar

Hector A., Schmid B., Beierkuhnlein C., Caldeira M. C., Diemer M. 1999. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science 286: 1123 — 1127.
Google Scholar

Humphreys M. O. 1987. Utilization of genetic resources in breeding perennial ryegrass for pastures. IBPGR: 61 — 65.
Google Scholar

Jargiełło J., Mosek B. 1988. Znaczenie gospodarcze ekotypów kostrzewy łąkowej (Festuca pratensis Huds.). Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 336: 71 — 77.
Google Scholar

Klęczek Cz. 2002. Lolium perenne w produkcji pasz na użytkach zielonych terenów południowej Polski. Łąkarstwo w Polsce 5: 117 — 122.
Google Scholar

Majtkowski W., Majtkowska G. 2012. Fitosanitarna rola szaty roślinnej na zrekultywowanej hałdzie popiołów w Sowlanach k. Białegostoku. Biul. IHAR 263: 55 — 63.
Google Scholar

Majtkowski W., Głażewski M., Schmidt J. 1999. Roślinność trawiasta składowiska fosfogipsów w Wiślince koło Gdańska. — Folia Univ. Agric. Stetinensis 197, Agricultura 75: 207 — 210.
Google Scholar

Martyniak J. 2003. Trawy. W: Historia hodowli i nasiennictwa na ziemiach polskich w XX wieku. Arseniuk E., Krzymuski J., Martyniak J., Oleksiak T. (red.), Poznań: 172 — 195.
Google Scholar

Meyer W. A. 1982. Breeding disease-resistant cool-season turfgrass cultivars for the United States. Plant Dis. 66: 341 — 344.
Google Scholar

Morgan-Bertrand A., Boucaud J., Le Saos J., Prudhomme M. P. 2001 Roles of the fructans from leaf sheaths and from the elongating leaf bases in the regrowth following defoliation of Lolium perenne L. Planta 213: 109 — 120.
Google Scholar

Patrzałek 2001. Znaczenie traw w powstawaniu zbiorowisk roślinnych na glebach inicjalnych wytworzonych z odpadów karbońskich. Zesz. Nauk. Akad. Roln. we Wrocławiu, Rozpr. 176: 402: 1 — 88.
Google Scholar

Plummer R. M., Hall R. L., Watt T. A. 1992. The influence of crown rust (Puccinia coronata) on tiller production and survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants in simulated swards. Grass and Forage Science 45: 9 — 16.
Google Scholar

Prończuk M. 2000. Choroby traw – występowanie i szkodliwość w uprawie na nasiona i w użytkowaniu trawnikowym. Monografie i Rozprawy Naukowe IHAR, Nr 4: 1 — 183.
Google Scholar

Prończuk M., Prończuk S. 2005. Występowanie pleśni śniegowej na życicy trwałej (Lolium perenne L.) w zależności od warunków świetlnych i intensywności pielęgnacji trawników. Acta Agrobotanica 59 (2): 381 — 394.
Google Scholar

Prończuk M., Zagdańska B. 1993. Effect of Microdochium nivale and low temperature on winter survival of perennial ryegrass. J. Phytopathology 138: 1 — 8.
Google Scholar

Prończuk M., Prończuk S., Góral S. 1984. Wpływ chorób fuzaryjnych na trwałość Lolium perenne. Biul. IHAR 155: 187 — 192.
Google Scholar

Potter L. R. 1987. Effect of crown rust on regrowth competitive ability and nutritional quality of perennial and Italian ryegrasses. Plant Pathol. 36: 455 — 461.
Google Scholar

Reheul, D., De Cauwer B., Cougnon M. 2010. The role of forage crops in multifunctional agriculture. W: Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses, Handbook of Plant Breeding, Boller i in. (eds.). Springer, 1 — 12.
Google Scholar

Rhodes I. 1969. The relationship between productivity and some components of canopy structure in ryegrass (Lolium spp.). I. Leaf length. J. Agric. Sci. 73: 315 — 319.
Google Scholar

Rogalski M., Kozłowski S. 1981. Praca włożona w zrywanie liści i pędów jako cecha charakterystyczna odmian traw. Biul. Oceny Odmian 1–2, 13–14: 117 — 123.
Google Scholar

Schmidt J. 1985. Analiza zmienności ekotypów kupkówki pospolitej (Dactylis glomerata.) na podstawie materiałów z kolekcji traw. Biul. IHAR 158: 117 — 121.
Google Scholar

Schubiger F. X, Boller B., Baert J., Bourdon P., Cagas B., Cernoch V., Chosson J. F., Czembor E., Eickmeyer F., Feuerstein U., Hartmann S., Jakesova H., Krautzer B., Leenheer H., Lellbach H., Pecetti L., Posselt U., Russi L., Schulze S., Tardin M. C., VanHee F., Willner E., Wolters L. 2010. Susceptibility of European cultivars of Italian and perennial ryegrass to crown and stem rust. Euphytica 176: 167 — 181.
Google Scholar

Skøt L, Humphreys M. O., Armstead I., Heywood S., Skøt K.P., Sanderson R., Thomas I. D., Chorlon K.H., Hamilton N. R. S. 2005. An association mapping approach to identify flowering time genes in natural populations of Lolium perenne (L.). Mol. Breed. 15: 233 — 245.
Google Scholar

Spollen W. G., Nelson C. J. 1988. Characterization of fructan from leaf blades and elongation zones of developing leaf blades of wheat, tall fescue, and timothy. Plant Physiol 88: 1349 — 1353.
Google Scholar

Szulczewska B., Cieszewska A., Kaliszuk E., Morawska M. 2000. Krajobraz: badania, problemy, koncepcje i idee w artykułach opublikowanych w Landscape and Urban Planning w latach 1990–1999. Materiały konferencyjne III Forum Architektury Krajobrazu, Warszawa: 87 — 97.
Google Scholar

Thomas J. E. 1994. Disease resistance in grass variety testing systems a review of results from UK. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 17 (1): 201 — 207.
Google Scholar

Thomas H., Dalton S. J., Evans C., Chorlton K. H., Thomas I. D. 1996. Evaluation drought resistance in germplasm of meadow fescue. Euphytica 92: 401 — 411.
Google Scholar

Tilman, D., J. Knops, D . Wedin, P . Reich,M . Ritchie,a ndE . Siemann. 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277:1300 — 1302.
Google Scholar

Vargas J. M. 1994. Management of turfgrass diseases. Lewis Publ. CPR Press, Inc.: 1 — 294 pp.
Google Scholar

Veronesi F., Falcinelli M. 1988. Evaluation of an Italian germplasm collection Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Through a multivariate analysis. Euphytica 38: 211 — 220.
Google Scholar

Virkajärvi P., Järvenranta K. 2001. Leaf dynamics of timothy and meadow fescue under Nordic conditions. Grass and Forage Sci. 56 (3): 294 — 304.
Google Scholar

Welty R. E., Barker R. E. 1992. Evaluation of resistance to stem rust in perennial ryegrass grown in controlled and field conditions. Plant Dis. 76: 637 — 641.
Google Scholar

Wheeler J. L., Corbett J. L. 1989. Criteria for breeding forages of improved nutritive value: results of a Delphi survey. Grass Forage Sci. 44: 77 — 83.
Google Scholar

Williams D. W., Burrus P.B., Vincelli P. 2001. Severity of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass as influenced by mowing height and nitrogen level. Crop Sci. 41: 1207 — 1211.
Google Scholar

Wojterska M. 2003. Struktura krajobrazów roślinnych Pojezierza Międzychodzko-Sierakowskiego. Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań: 415 ss.
Google Scholar


Published
2013-12-31

Cited by

Czembor, E. (2013) “Effects of organic fertilization on agronomic traits of perennial grass species recommended for conventional and low input farming”, Bulletin of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, (270), pp. 85–107. doi: 10.37317/biul-2013-0007.

Authors

Elżbieta Czembor 
e.czembor@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB, Radzików Poland

Statistics

Abstract views: 90
PDF downloads: 39


License

Copyright (c) 2013 Elżbieta Czembor

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Upon submitting the article, the Authors grant the Publisher a non-exclusive and free license to use the article for an indefinite period of time throughout the world in the following fields of use:

  1. Production and reproduction of copies of the article using a specific technique, including printing and digital technology.
  2. Placing on the market, lending or renting the original or copies of the article.
  3. Public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and re-broadcasting, as well as making the article publicly available in such a way that everyone can access it at a place and time of their choice.
  4. Including the article in a collective work.
  5. Uploading an article in electronic form to electronic platforms or otherwise introducing an article in electronic form to the Internet or other network.
  6. Dissemination of the article in electronic form on the Internet or other network, in collective work as well as independently.
  7. Making the article available in an electronic version in such a way that everyone can access it at a place and time of their choice, in particular via the Internet.

Authors by sending a request for publication:

  1. They consent to the publication of the article in the journal,
  2. They agree to give the publication a DOI (Digital Object Identifier),
  3. They undertake to comply with the publishing house's code of ethics in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), (http://ihar.edu.pl/biblioteka_i_wydawnictwa.php),
  4. They consent to the articles being made available in electronic form under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, in open access,
  5. They agree to send article metadata to commercial and non-commercial journal indexing databases.