Some aspects of protection of intellectual property in plant breeding and biotechnology
Edward S. Gacek
sekretariat@coboru.gov.plCentralny Ośrodek Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych, Słupia Wielka (Poland)
Abstract
This article addresses some of the issues connected with the protection of intellectual property in plant breeding and biotechnology. Due to the fact that plant varieties constitute a special type of innovations, they require a unique legal protection, which is provided by the Convention of UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants). New biotechnological innovations are protected by utility patents, similarly to the industrial discoveries. Intellectual property issues in the areas of genetic resources conservation and exploitation, as well as in biodiversity, are widely discussed and regulated at international level by the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) and by International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (FAO ITPGRFA). Some of the issues of coexistence between different types of intellectual property protection used in plant breeding, biotechnology and biodiversity exploitation, as well as commercial implications arising from that coexistence, are also discussed in the article.
Keywords:
plant breeding, biotechnology, intellectual property rightsReferences
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs Agreement, WTO) 1994. Marrakesh.
Google Scholar
Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). 1992. Rio de Janeiro.
Google Scholar
Council Regulation (EC), No. 2100/94 on Community plant variety rights. Official Journal, L. 227, 01.09.2004 p. 0001-0030.
Google Scholar
Directive 98/44 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biological inventions. Official Journal L. 213, 30.07.1998, p. 0013-0021.
Google Scholar
Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights. Official Journal L. 157, 02.06.2004, p. 0045-0086.
Google Scholar
European Patent Convention (EPC), 1973, Munich.
Google Scholar
International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV Convention) of December 2, 1961, as revised at Geneva on November 10, 1972; on October 23, 1978 and on March 19, 1991, Geneva.
Google Scholar
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA, FAO). 2004. Rome.
Google Scholar
Ustawa o ochronie prawnej odmian z dnia 26 czerwca 2003 r. (Dz.U. nr 137/2003, poz. 1300; zm. Dz.U. nr 126/2006, poz. 877 i zm. Dz.U. nr 99/2007, poz. 662).
Google Scholar
Ustawa — prawo własności przemysłowej z dnia 30 czerwca 2000 r. (tekst jednolity, Dz.U. z 2003, Nr 119, poz. 1117 z późn. zm.).
Google Scholar
Authors
Edward S. Gaceksekretariat@coboru.gov.pl
Centralny Ośrodek Badania Odmian Roślin Uprawnych, Słupia Wielka Poland
Statistics
Abstract views: 160PDF downloads: 40
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Edward S. Gacek
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Upon submitting the article, the Authors grant the Publisher a non-exclusive and free license to use the article for an indefinite period of time throughout the world in the following fields of use:
- Production and reproduction of copies of the article using a specific technique, including printing and digital technology.
- Placing on the market, lending or renting the original or copies of the article.
- Public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and re-broadcasting, as well as making the article publicly available in such a way that everyone can access it at a place and time of their choice.
- Including the article in a collective work.
- Uploading an article in electronic form to electronic platforms or otherwise introducing an article in electronic form to the Internet or other network.
- Dissemination of the article in electronic form on the Internet or other network, in collective work as well as independently.
- Making the article available in an electronic version in such a way that everyone can access it at a place and time of their choice, in particular via the Internet.
Authors by sending a request for publication:
- They consent to the publication of the article in the journal,
- They agree to give the publication a DOI (Digital Object Identifier),
- They undertake to comply with the publishing house's code of ethics in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), (http://ihar.edu.pl/biblioteka_i_wydawnictwa.php),
- They consent to the articles being made available in electronic form under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, in open access,
- They agree to send article metadata to commercial and non-commercial journal indexing databases.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Edward S. Gacek, Potential and achievements of Polish plant breeding of agricultural plants , Bulletin of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute: No. 282 (2017): Regular issue
- Edward S. Gacek, Modifications of plant breeding and variety testing work, aimed at sustainable, low-input and ecological agriculture requirements , Bulletin of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute: No. 282 (2017): Regular issue
- Edward S. Gacek, Legal aspects of conservation and use of plant genetic resources in plant breeding and seed production , Bulletin of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute: No. 283 (2018): Special issue
