Relationships between the resistance to rusts and snow mould and phenotypic characters of turf perennial ryegrass forms
Abstract
The experiment was conducted in Radzików in the years 2004–2006. Eighteen perennial ryegrass cultivars and breeding materials, including 5 French strains, 2 Polish strains, 2 Polish breeding lines and 9 standard cultivars, were evaluated for resistance to stem rust and crown rust as well as for plant morphology and physiology. Cultivar Taya and cv. Plaisir were used as standards, respectively, susceptible and resistant to rust. Sixteen morphological and physiological features associated with the turf quality were described. Greatly pronounced differences were found between the cultivars, strains and breeding lines under study in the level of resistance to stem and crown rust and snow mould, as well as in the after-winter and spring performances of plants. The genotypes expressing low level of resistance to snow mould showed low spring performance and slow after-winter regeneration. Negative correlations between these features were confirmed by the Factor Analysis and the values of correlation coefficients. French materials were found to be more susceptible to snow mould than Polish ones, but they expressed a higher level of resistance to stem and crown rust. Only one Polish strain, BA-56, demonstrated high resistance to infection by fungi Puccinia spp. French cultivars and strains were characterized by a low growth rate and very narrow leaves. In contrast, leaves of Polish forms were broad, and the rate of plant growth was high. The above differences explain negative correlations in the resistance to rust and snow mould as well as in the resistance to rust, plant height and leaf width within the group of Polish and French turf cultivars, strains and breeding lines. The correlations between the resistance to snow mould, plant height and leaf width were found positive.
Keywords:
Lolium perenne, Microdochium nivale, Puccinia coronata, Puccinia graminis, stem rust, crown rust, turf management, persistenceReferences
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Elżbieta Czembore.czembor@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, Radzików Poland
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