Evaluation of the varietal purity and identity of winter wheat seed used in individual farms
Anna Bydlińska
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Radzików, Samodzielna Pracownia Metod Produkcji Nasiennej (Poland)
Barbara Lipert
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Radzików, Samodzielna Pracownia Metod Produkcji Nasiennej (Poland)
Anna Macewicz
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Radzików, Samodzielna Pracownia Metod Produkcji Nasiennej (Poland)
Abstract
The investigations were carried on the seed material of winter wheat used by private farmers in 16 of the former districts of Poland (voivodships, according to the former administrative partition). The samples were taken at random, inquiry forms in which the characteristics of the seed, as well as of the farms were filled, being taken simultaneously with the samples. 6664 samples were tested, this total comprising 2394 samples of certified seed and 4270 of non-certified materials.
All samples were tested in field trials and laboratory and glasshouse tests. The testing concerned 4 varietal characters of the grain and 18 morphological characters of the growing plants, as well as a supplementary evaluation of the sanitary condition of the plots. The non-qualified materials proved to be heterogenous as to varietal composition, the degree of heterogeneity varying greatly in different regions. Admixtures of foreign cultivars up to 5% occurred in 34.6% of the samples. Varietal impurities ranging from 6% to 20% were found in 12.3% of the samples. Samples classified as mixtures, containing more than 20°% of foreign cultivars amounted to 8.4% of the samples tested. The seed materials contained equally admixtures of a number of foreign species of cultivated plants. The evaluation of the sanitary condition of the plants showed different levels of pathological infection by Puccinia graminis Pers. and Tilletia tritici Wint. The seeds were equally infested by different amounts of Claviceps purpurea spores.
The speed of losing varietal homogeneity and of the sanitary conditions was influenced in a great extent by the natura! conditions of the district, was even dependent on the knowledge and skill of the farmers. The less homogeny samples, considering their varietal composition were found in the seed produced by small farms having an area less than 5 ha.
It was equally found that the sortiment of cultivars differed greatly form the officially recommended one, for the region. The taxonomic studies allowed for a realistic estimation of the varietal purity of the seed material used between terms of the seed exchange. The studies can be considered as a basis for the formulation of advisory suggestions destined to be handed over to the institutions responsible for the intensification of cereal production in the country and seed production in general.
Keywords:
Triticum aestivum, seed science, winter wheatReferences
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Authors
Anna BydlińskaInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Radzików, Samodzielna Pracownia Metod Produkcji Nasiennej Poland
Authors
Barbara LipertInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Radzików, Samodzielna Pracownia Metod Produkcji Nasiennej Poland
Authors
Anna MacewiczInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Radzików, Samodzielna Pracownia Metod Produkcji Nasiennej Poland
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