The effect of growing of winter variety mixtures upon reduction of the incidence of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei)
Anna Tratwal
Instytut Ochrony Roślin w Poznaniu (Poland)
Abstract
In Poland, growing of the same variety within the crop is most commonly performed, mainly for technical and organisational reasons. However, genetically uniform crops are especially susceptible to unfavourable biotic and abiotic factors. They are, among others, affected at the higher rate by fungal diseases. It has been demonstrated, both experimentally and in agricultural practice that mixtures of varieties can be a promising alternative to crops grown in pure stands. It was found that environmental factors acting within a mixed culture inhibit the disease development, which in consequence results in a higher and more stable yield of grain, as compared to that obtained with varieties grown in pure stands. In the paper, the results of three experiments performed on mixtures of winter barley varieties with or without chemical control, are presented. First experiment was carried out in the years 1993–1997. It comprised three winter barley varieties and four mixtures. Second experiment (1998–2001) included five varieties and twelve mixtures, and in third experiment (2001–2004) four varieties and three mixtures were evaluated. The first and the second experiments were done without chemical control, whereas in the third experiment fungicides were applied in different doses and at different times during the vegetation period. The incidence of powdery mildew in variety mixtures was compared to that in varieties grown in pure stands. In the experiments in which plants were grown without chemical control the highest rates of reduction of powdery mildew infestation in variety mixtures were recorded till the end of heading. The results of experiment in which chemical control was applied show that growing of variety mixtures, combined with the reduced using of fungicides, can be recommended as a low-input and environment-friendly method of winter barley cultivation.
Keywords:
powdery mildew, variety mixtures, winter barleyReferences
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Authors
Anna TratwalInstytut Ochrony Roślin w Poznaniu Poland
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