Damage of tuber flesh by soil pests decreasing the value of table and processing potatoes
Tomasz Erlichowski
t.erlichowski@ihar.edu.plInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB w Radzikowie, Zakład Nasiennictwa i Ochrony Ziemniaka w Boninie (Poland)
Abstract
Damage of tuber flesh by soil pests, in particular wireworms — larvae of genus Agriotes spp., grubs (Scarabaeidae larvae) and cutworms (caterpillars of Noctuinae), often observed after the harvest, is an increasing problem at present. The severe damages occur locally, in the fields where larval development was facilitated (potatoes grown after fallows, insufficient agricultural procedures, monocultures). Tubers harvested from such unprotected fields, are characterized by low visual quality and low technological value. The quantity and density of pits (shallow or deep flesh damage) caused by the larvae depends on the population of larvae in the field and the length of the growing season. The damage appears as holes of small diameter (2 mm), inside the tubers as channels of irregular shape (refers to wireworms), as well as the outer holes and large deep cavities within the parenchyma (refers to grubs and cutworms). When modern technologies are applied and in potato trade, a high quality product is required, without visible injuries caused by pests and without symptoms of diseases. Low-quality of tubers can cause a decrease of sale for the market and for the processing, and low cost-efficiency or even losses. Damaged tubers are not suitable for the production of French fries, crisps, slices, cubes and other frozen products. Processing factories are very restrictive to any damage of tubers (caused mechanically, by pests and pathogens), which can cause problems later in the technological process. During the laboratory evaluation in autumn, a degree of damage and the quality of the tubers for processing is assessed. Potato processing factories are using a point system to evaluate the delivered product, in which the lots below a specified value are rejected, while tubers of above average quality are bought and properly granted.
Keywords:
cutworms, defects, grubs, potato processing, soil pets, wirewormsReferences
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Authors
Tomasz Erlichowskit.erlichowski@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB w Radzikowie, Zakład Nasiennictwa i Ochrony Ziemniaka w Boninie Poland
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