Morphological traits and fertility of hybrids of some Aegilops species with hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum L.
Roman Prażak
dziekanat.biologii@up.lublin.plKatedra Biologii Roślin, Wydział Nauk Rolniczych w Zamościu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie (Poland)
Abstract
In the field conditions crosses were carried out between Aegilops biuncialis Vis., Ae. columnaris Zhuk., Ae. cylindrica Host., Ae. triaristata Willd. 4x, Ae. variabilis (peregrina) Eig, Ae. crassa Boiss. 6x and Triticum aestivum L. (cvs. Begra, Legenda, Rusałka, Zyta). The aim of the crosses was to broaden genetic diversity of common wheat. The 18-day-old F1 hybrid embryos isolated from kernels were grown in vitro on the MS nutrient medium supplemented with 10 mg dcm-3 IAA (β-indolyl-3-acetic acid) and 0.04 mg dcm-3 kinetin. After 4 weeks hybrids plants, which developed from isolated embryos, were transferred into pots. Next, in half of September they were planted in experimental field. In spring at the start of vegetation period the hybrid plants were treated with colchicine. In laboratory investigations, fully mature F1 hybrid plants were analyzed for biometrical traits such as total tillering, length of main tiller, diameter of the second internode from the plant base, spike rachis length, main spike compactness (number of spikelets per 1 dcm of the spike rachis), main spike fertility (number of grains per 1 spikelet). Tillering of most hybrids was strong and similar as in the Aegilops species (33.5–124.0 tillers), length of main tiller (87.0–98.0 cm) and spike rachis (0.7–1.3 dcm) were similar to the wheat cultivars. Hybrids had intermediate diameter of the second internode (2.2–3.7 mm) and spike compactness (10.4–14.9) and significantly lower fertility (0.0–1.3) in comparison to parental forms. The fertility of T. aestivum L. cv. Zyta × Ae. cylindrica Host. hybrid was outstanding. Obtaining F1 Aegilops sp. with T. aestivum L. hybrids is the first step allowing to select plants showing high content of protein and microelements (iron and zinc) in kernels and tolerance to drought and fungal diseases.
Keywords:
Aegilops biuncialis, Aegilops columnaris, Aegilops cylindrica, Aegilops triaristata, Aegilops variabilis (peregrina), Aegilops crassa, Triticum aestivum, F1 hybrids, fertility, morphological traits of tiller and spikeReferences
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Authors
Roman Prażakdziekanat.biologii@up.lublin.pl
Katedra Biologii Roślin, Wydział Nauk Rolniczych w Zamościu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie Poland
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