The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield efficiency and quality of tubers potato varieties cultivated in an integrated production system
Cezary Trawczyński
c.trawczynski@ihar.edu.plZakład Agronomii Ziemniaka Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział w Jadwisinie (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-0707
Abstract
The aim of the research conducted in the years 2016 – 2018 was to perform the effect of nitrogen on the total yield and quality evaluation of edible and starch potato varieties harvested after tuber maturity, as well as to establish fertilization efficiency indices. The quality of tubers was expressed: yield structure, share of deformations, content of starch and nitrates (V), but the nitrogen utilization efficiency as agronomic efficiency (AE) and fertilizer recovery efficiency (FRE) in tubers. Two experimental factors were researched: nitrogen doses (0, 50,100, 150 kg·ha-1) and varieties (Impresja, Mazur, Otolia, Szyper and Widawa) tested under different weather conditions. The total yield fresh matter between nitrogen doses ranged from 42.8 to 53.7 t·ha-1 and for varieties from 42.1 (var. Szyper) to 54.8 t·ha-1 (var. Impresja). Increasing nitrogen doses caused an increase share in the yield structure big tubers (diameter above 60 mm), nitrates (V) and total nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake with tuber yield, but decrease starch content and nitrogen fertilization efficiency indicators. On the basis of quadratic function parameters, it was shown that the varieties of Impresja, Szyper and Otolia were characterized by greater requirements in relation to the optimal nitrogen dose than the varieties of Mazur and Widawa. More assessed features determined the weather conditions during the growing season than the factors studied: the nitrogen fertilization dose and the variety. In the year with the highest amount of rainfall in relation to the average of many years, the largest decrease was recorded: tuber yield, share of big tubers in the yield structure, nitrogen uptake and agronomic efficiency. Year with the most rainfall was characterized by the highest reduction the yield of tubers, share big tubers in the yield structure, nitrogen uptake and its agronomic efficiency.
Keywords:
efficiency indicators, nitrogen doses, potato varieties, quality, yieldReferences
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Authors
Cezary Trawczyńskic.trawczynski@ihar.edu.pl
Zakład Agronomii Ziemniaka Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział w Jadwisinie Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2338-0707
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