Grass endophytes — importance, incidence and methods for detection

Aust H. J. 2000. Comparison of the colonization of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonouus plants by endophytic fungi. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 9 — 16.
Google Scholar

Bacon C. W., White J. F. Jr. 1994. Stains, media and procedure for analyzing endophytes. In: Biotechnology of endophytic fungi of grasses. Bacon Ch W, White J.F.Jr. (eds).CRC Pres, Boca Raton: 47 — 56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351070324-4
Google Scholar

Barker G. M., Pottinger R. P., Adison P. J., Prestidge R. A. 1984. Effect of Lolium endophyte fungus infections on behaviour of adult Argentine stem weevil. New Zealand Journal Agric. Res. 27: 271 — 277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1984.10430429
Google Scholar

Barker D. J., Davies E., Lane G. A., Latch G. C. M., Nott H. M., Tapper B. A. 1993. Effect of water deficit on alkaloid concentrations in perennial ryegrass endophyte associations. Proc of 2nd International Symposium on Acremonium/grass interactions. Palmerston North, New Zealand: 67 — 71.
Google Scholar

Bayle B., Huyghe C., Gensollen V., Bourgoin B. 2003. System of variety testing and registration in France for forage and turf. Book of Abstracts of the 25th EUCARPIA Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section Meeting. Brno, Czech Republik: 119.
Google Scholar

Belesky D. P., Robbins J. D., Stuedemann J. A., Wilkinson S. R., Devine O. J. 1987. Fungal endophyte infection-loline derivative alkaloid concentration of grazed tall fescue. Agron. J. 79: 217 — 220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900020009x
Google Scholar

Bony S., Delatour P. 2000. Relevance and impact of grass endophyte toxins in Europe. Proc. of 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions Symposium. Soest, Germany: 207 — 218.
Google Scholar

Bouter W., van Klooster G. 1996. Practical endophyte-work at the Barenbrug Grass Breeding Department. IOBC wprs Bulletin 19 (7): 59 — 62.
Google Scholar

Cappelli C., Buonaurio R. 2000. Occurrence of endophytic fungi in grass seeds and plants in Italy. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 131 — 137.
Google Scholar

Dapprich P., Paul. V. H., Krohn K. 1994. A novel and rapid staining method for the detection of vital endophytes in seeds and leaf sheaths of Lolium perenne. IOBC wprs Bulletin 17/1: 139 — 146.
Google Scholar

Doss R. P., Welty R. E. 1995. A polymerase chain reaction-based procedure for detection of Acremonium coenophialum in tall fescue. Phytopathol. 85: 913 — 917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-85-913
Google Scholar

Fletcher L. R., Harvey I. C. 1981. An association of a Lolium endophyte with ryegrass staggers. New Zealand Vet. J. 29: 185 — 186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1981.34839
Google Scholar

Fletcher L. R., Easton H. S. 2000. Using endophytes for pasture improvement in New Zealand. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 149 — 162.
Google Scholar

Gartwhaite I., Miles C. O., Towers N. R. 1994. An immunological approach to the study of the ryegrass staggers syndrome. IOBC wprs Bulletin 17 (1): 175 — 180.
Google Scholar

Flieger M., Osovska J., Halada P., Pazoutova S., Cagas B., Shelby R. A. 2000. Chanoclavine I and lyserol, clavine alcaloides produced by Neotyphodium spp. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 515 — 519.
Google Scholar

Funk C. R., Belanger F. C., Murphy J. A. 1994. Role of endophytes in grasses used for turf and soil conservation. In: Biotechnology of endophytic fungi of grasses. Bacon Ch. W, White J. F. Jr. (eds.).CRC Press., Boca Raton: 201 — 209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351070324-14
Google Scholar

Gams W., Petroni O., Schmidt D. 1990. Acremonium unicatum, a new endophyte in Festuca pratensis. Mycotaxon 37: 67 — 71.
Google Scholar

Glenn A. E., Bacon C. W., Price R., Hanlin R. T. 1996. Molecular phylogeny of Acremonium and its taxonomic implications. Mycologia 88: 369 — 383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1996.12026664
Google Scholar

Guillaumin J. J., Frain M., Pichon N., Ravel C. 2000. Survey of the fungal endophytes in wild grass species in the Auvergne region (central France). Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany.: 85 — 92.
Google Scholar

Hahn H., Huth W., Schöberlein W. 2000 Tissue print immunoassay — a rapid and sensitive method also for detection of Neotyphodium endophytes. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 139 — 143.
Google Scholar

Hinton D. M., Bacon C. W. 1985. The distribution and ultrastructure of the endophyte of toxic tall fescue. Can. J. Bot. 63: 36 — 42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b85-006
Google Scholar

Hoveland C. S. 2000. Endophytes — research and impact. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions Symposium. Soest, Germany: 123 — 130.
Google Scholar

Hill N. S., Hiatt E. E., De Battista J. R., Costa M. C., Griffiths C. H., Klap J., Thorogood D., Reeves J. H. 2002. Seed testing for endophytes by microscopic and immunoblot procedures. Seed Science and Technology 30: 347 — 355.
Google Scholar

Johnson M. C., Pirone I. P., Siegel M. R., Varney, D. R. 1982. Detection of Epichloe typhina in tall fescue by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phytopathology 72: 647 — 650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-72-647
Google Scholar

Justus M., Witte L., Hartman T. 1997. Levels and tissue distribution of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis. Phytochemistry 44/1: 51 — 57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00535-3
Google Scholar

Koga H., Tsukiboshi T., Uematsu T. 1993. Incidence of the endophyte fungus, Acremonium uncinatum, in Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis) ecotypes in Hokkaido. Bull. Natl. Grassl. Res. Inst. 49: 35 — 41.
Google Scholar

Latch G. C. M., Christensen M. J. 1982. Ryegrass endophyte, incidence and control. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 25: 443 — 448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1982.10417910
Google Scholar

Latch G. C. M., Christensen M. J., Samuels G. J. 1984. Five endophytes of Lolium and Festuca in New Zealand. Mycotaxon 20: 535 — 550.
Google Scholar

Leuchtmann A., Schardll C. 1998. Mating compatibility and phylogenetic relationship among two species of Epichloë and other congeneric European species. Mycological Research 102: 1169 — 1182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756298006236
Google Scholar

Lewis. G. C. 2000. Neotyphodium endophytes: incidence, diversity, and host in Europe. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions, Symposium. Soest, Germany: 123 — 130.
Google Scholar

Leyronas C., Raynal G. 2001. Presence of Neotyphodium-like endophytes in European grasses. Ann. Appl. Biol. 139: 119 — 129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00136.x
Google Scholar

Lewis G. 2000. Neotyphodium endophytes: incidence, diversity, and hosts in Europe. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions Symposium. Soest, Germany: 123 — 130.
Google Scholar

Liu D., Van Heeswijck R. Latch G., Leonforte T., Panaccio M., Langford C., Cunninham P., Reed K. 1995. Rapid identification of Acremonium coenophialum endophytes through arbitrarily primed PCR. FEMS Microbiology Letter 133: 95 — 98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07867.x
Google Scholar

Malinowski D. P., Belesky D. P. 2000. Adaptations of endophyte-infected cool-season grasses to environmental stresses: mechanisms of drought and mineral stress tolerance. Crop Sci. 40: 923 — 940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.404923x
Google Scholar

Morgan-Jones G., Gams W. 1982. Notes on Hyphomycetes. XLI. An endophyte of Festuca arundinacea and the anamorph of Epichloë typhina, new taxa in one of two new sections of Acremonium. Mycotaxon 15: 311 — 318.
Google Scholar

Mühle E., Frauenstein L., Schumann K., Wetzel T. 1975. Choroby i szkodniki traw pastewnych. PWRiL, Warszawa: 1 — 412.
Google Scholar

Oliviera J. A., Rottinghaus G. E., Prego C. 2000. Endophytic fungi and alkaloid production in grass seeds in Northern Spain. Proc. of 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions Symposium. Soest, Germany: 413 — 417.
Google Scholar

Pańka D., Łukanowski A. 2000. Occurrence of Acremonium lolii in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivated in the Kujawy and Pomerania region of Poland. Proc. of 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions Symposium. Soest, Germany: 419 — 421.
Google Scholar

Pańka D., Sadowski Cz. 2002. Occurrence of fungal endophytes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars in Poland. In: Multi-functional grasslands quality forages, animal products and landscapes. Durand J. L. et al., (eds.). Grassland science in Europe. Vol. 7: 540 — 541.
Google Scholar

Pańka D. Podkówka L., Lamparski R. 2004. Preliminary observations on the resistance of meadow festucue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) infected by Neotyphodium uncinatum to diseases and pests and native value. In: Proc. of 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/ Grass Interaction. Kallenbach R. et al. (eds.).Fayetteville, AR USA, May 23–26, 2004, 401: 88 — 90.
Google Scholar

Paul V. H., Dapprich D., Krohn K. 2000. Preface. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 1.
Google Scholar

Paul V. H., Ostbohmke H., Feuerstein U. 2000 a. Studies on the dynamics of colonization of the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii (Latch, Christensen& Samuels) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin comb. Nov) (syn. Acremonium lolii (Latch, Christensen & Samuels) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in an European grass breeding process. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 71 — 77.
Google Scholar

Petroni O. 1986. Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues. In: Microbiology of Phyllosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 175 — 187.
Google Scholar

Pfannmöller M., Eggestein S., Schöberlein W. 1994. Endophytes in European varieties of Festuca species. IOBC wprs Bulletin 17/1: 101 — 109.
Google Scholar

Porter J. K. 1995. Analysis of endophyte toxins: fescue and other grasses toxic to livestock. J. Anim. Sci 73: 871 — 880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.733871x
Google Scholar

Raynal G. 1991. Liberation des ascospores d’Epichloe typina agent la quenouille du dactyle. Consequence pour l’epidemiologie et la lutte. Fourages 127: 345 — 358.
Google Scholar

Reed K. M., Walsh J. R., McFarlanne N. M., Cross P. A. 2000 Australian perennial ryegrass pasture, endophyte frequency and associated alkaloid concentrations. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 31 — 39.
Google Scholar

Reinholz J., Dapprich P.D. Holzmann-Wirth A., Paul V. H. 2000. A two year field study to monitor the effect of nitrogen fertilization on dry matter yield and lolitrem B content Neotyphodium lolii infected Lolium perenne L. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 51 — 64.
Google Scholar

Rolston M. P., Rowarth J. S. 1995. Aspects of endophyte in ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed production. Proc of Third International Herbage Seed Conference, Halle, Germany: 433 — 437.
Google Scholar

Saha D. C., Jackson M. A., Jonson-Cicalese J. M. 1988. A rapid staining method for detection of endophytic fungi in turf and forage grasses. Phytopathology 78: 237 — 239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-78-237
Google Scholar

Siegel M. R., Varney D. R., Johnson M. C., Nesmith.W. C., Buckner R. C., Bush L. P., Burrus P. B., Hardison J. R. 1984. A fungal endophyte of tall fescue: evaluation of control methods. Phytopathology 74/8: 937 — 941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-74-937
Google Scholar

Siegel M. R., Latch G. C. M., Johnes M. C. 1985. Acremonium fungal endophytes of Tall Fescue and Perennial ryegrass: significance and control. Plant Dis. 69/2: 179 — 183.
Google Scholar

Vazquez de Aldana B. R., Zabalgogeazcoa I., Garcia-Ciudad A., Gracia-Criado B. 2000. Detection of ergovaline in endophyte infected Holcus lanatus from natural grassland in western Spain. Proc. of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany: 477 — 481.
Google Scholar

White J. F. Jr., Cole G. T. 1985. Endophyte-host associations in forage grasses. I. Distributions of fungal endophytes in some species of Lolium and Festuca. Mycologia 77: 323 — 327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1985.12025104
Google Scholar

White J. F. Jr., Cole G. T. 1986. Endophyte-host associations in forage grasses. IV. The endophyte of Festuca versusa. Mycologia 78: 102 — 107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1986.12025211
Google Scholar

White J. F. Jr. 1987. Widespread distribution of endophytes in the Poaceae. Plant Disease 71: 340 — 342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-71-0340
Google Scholar

White J. F. Jr., Mongan-Jones G. 1987. Endophyte — host associations in forage grasses. IX. Concerning Acremonium typhinum, the anamorph of Epichloë typhina: Mycotaxon 29: 489 — 500.
Google Scholar

Wäli P., Saikkonen K., Helander M., Lehtimäki S., Lehtonen P. 2000. Seed transmitted endophytic fungi in wild grass population in Finland. Proc. of 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions Symposium. Soest, Germany: 93 — 96.
Google Scholar

Welty R. E., Rennie W. J. 1985. ISTA Handbook on seed health testing. Working sheet No 55: Grasses, Endophyte. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland: 1 — 4.
Google Scholar

Welty R. E., Azevedo M. D., Cook K. L. 1986. Detecting viable Acremonium endophytes in leaf sheaths and meristems of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Plant Dis. 70: 431 — 435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-70-431
Google Scholar

Welty R. E., Azevado M. D. Cooper T. M. 1987. Influence of moisture content, temperature, and length of storage on seed germination and survival of endophytic fungi in seeds of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Phytopathology 77: 893 — 900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-77-893
Google Scholar

Welty R. E., Milbrath G. M., Faulkenberry D., Meek L., Hall K. 1986. Endophyte detection in tall fescue seed by staining and ELISA. Seed Sci. Technol. 14: 105 — 116.
Google Scholar

West C. P., Gwinn K. D. 1993. Role of Acremonium in drought, pest, and disease tolerance of grasses. Proc of 2nd International Symposium on Acremonium/grass interactions. Palmerston North, New Zealand: 131 — 140.
Google Scholar

Woodburn O. J., Walsh J. R., Foot J. Z., Hazlewood P. G. 1993. Seasonal ergovaline concentrations in perennial ryegrass cultivars of differing endophyte status. Proc of 2nd International Symposium on Acremonium/grass interactions. Palmerston North, New Zealand: 100 — 102.
Google Scholar