Silver scab (Helminthosporium solani) – symptoms and control
Jerzy Osowski
j.osowski@ihar.edu.plInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - PIB, Radzików (Poland)
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-9991
Janusz Urbanowicz
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - PIB, Radzików, Zakład Nasiennictwa i Ochrony Ziemniaka, 76-009 Bonin 3 (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-0333
Abstract
The long-standing market and customer demand for processed potato products and the demand for washed and packaged potatoes mean that tubers' quality (smooth skin, no signs of disease) and suitability for processing are of great importance. This tendency makes any pathogen causing skin damage of economic importance. One of them is the fungus Helminthosporium solani, the preparator of silver scab. The importance of the disease and its cause is also due to other factors: the lack of resistant varieties, the complex cycle of disease development with a less significant field phase, and a difficult-to-control phase of development during storage. An additional factor is the lack of available chemical disease control agents. The resistance to thiabendazole used both in spring and autumn, found in the 1970s and 1980s, was one of the most important reasons for the increased importance of the disease. Due to the complex cycle of disease development (field and storage phase), combating this disease is difficult and requires all available methods of integrated protection.
Keywords:
disease control, fungus, Helminthosporium solani, potato, skin diseaseReferences
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Errampali D., Saunders J.M., Holley J.D. 2001. Emergence of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) as an economically important disease of potato. Plant. Pathol., 50: 141 – 153.
Firman D. M., Allen E. J. 1993. Effects of windrowing, irrigation and defoliation of potatoes on silver scurf
(Helminthosporium solani) disease. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 121: 47 – 53.
Firman D.M., Allen E.J., 1995a. Effects of seed size, planting pattern on the severity of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) and black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) diseases of potatoes. Annals of Applied Biology 127 :73 – 85.
Firman D.M., Allen E.J. 1995b. Transmission of Helminthosporium solani from potato seed tubers and effects of soil conditions, seed inoculum and seed physiology on silver scurf disease. J. Agr. Sci., 124: 219–234.
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Frazier M.J., Kleinkopf G.E., Olsen N. 2006. The effects of clove oil treatment on potato sprouting and silver scurf control. Am. J. Potato Res., 83: 110.
Frazier M.J., Shetty K.K., Kleinkopf G.E., Nolte P. 1998. Management of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) with fungicide seed treatments and storage practices. A. J. Potato Res., 75: 129 – 135.
Gaucher D. 1998. Gale argentée – efficacité des matičres actives. La pomme de terre française, 504: 31 – 33.
Geary B., Hamm P.B., Johnson D.A., James S.R., Rykbost K.A. 2000. Effects of fungicides and location on development of silver scurf. Am. J. Potato Res., 77: 399.
Geary B., Johnson D.A. (2006). Relationship between silver scurf levels on seed and progeny tubers from successive generations of potato seed. Am. J. Potato Res., 83, 447 – 453.
Geary B., Johnson D.A., Hamm P.B., James S.R., Rykbost K.A. 2007. Potato silver scurf affected by tuber seed treatments and locations and occurrence of fungicide resistant isolates of Helminthosporium solani. Plant Dis., 91: 315 – 320.
Hall S.M., Hide G.A. 1992. Fungicide treatment of seed tubers infected with thiabendazole resistant Helminthosporium solani and Polyscytalum pustulans for controlling silver scurf and skin spot on stored progeny tubers. Potato Res., 35: 143 – 147.
Hardy C.E., Burgess P.J., Pringle R.T. 1997. The effect of condensation on sporulation of Helminthosporium solani on potato tubers infected with silver scurf and held in simulated storage conditions. Potato Research 40: 169 – 180.
Harz I. 1871. Spondylocladium atrovirens. Bulletin of Society Imperial, Moscow, 44: 42.
Hervieux V., Chabot R., Arul J., Tweddell R.J. 2001 Evaluation of different fungicides applied as seed tuber treatments for the control of potato silver scurf. Phytoprotection, 82: 41 – 48.
Hervieux V., Yaganza E.S., Arul, J., Tweddell R.J. 2002. Effect of organic and inorganic salts on the development of Helminthosporium solani, the causal agent of potato silver scurf. Plant Dis., 86,:1014–1018.
Hide G.A., Hall S.M., Boorer K.J. 1988. Resistance to thiabendazole in isolates of Helminthosporium solani, the cause of silver scurf disease of potatoes. Plant Pathol., 37: 377 – 380.
Hide G.A., Boorer R.K.J., Hall S.M. 1994a controlling potato tuber blemish diseases on cv. Estimate with chemical and non-chemical methods. Ann. Appl. Biol., 124: 253 – 265.
Hide G.A., Boorer K.J., Hall S.M. 1994b. Effects of watering potato plants before harvest and of curing conditions on development of tuber diseases during storage. Potato Research 37: 169 – 172.
Hide G.A., Read P.J., Sandison J.P., Hall S.M. 1987. Control of potato diseases with fungicides applied to seed tubers. Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars, 8. Ann. Appl. Biol., 110: 72 – 73.
Holley J.D., Kawchuk L.M. 1996. Distribution of thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl resistant strains of Helminthosporium solani and Fusarium sambucinum in Alberta potato storages. Can. Plant Dis. Surv., 76: 21 – 27.
Jellis G. J., Taylor G. S. 1977. Control of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) disease of potato with benomyl and thiabendazole. Ann. Appl. Biol. 86: 59 – 67.
Johnson S.B. 2007. Evaluation of a biological agent for control of Helminthosporium solani. Plant Pathol. J., 6: 99 – 101.
Johnson D.A., Hamm P.B., Miller J., Olsen. 2014. Managing Silver Scurf in Potatoes
https://plantpath.wsu.edu › 2014/06 [dostęp 7.12.2020]
Jouan B., Lemaire J.M., Perennec P., Sailly M. 1974. Études sur la gale argentée de la pomme de terre Helminthosporium solani Dur. Et Mont. Ann. Phytopathol., 6: 407 – 423.
Kutuzova I.A, Kokaeva L.Yu., Pobendinskaya M.A., KrutyakovYu.A., Skolotneva E.S, Chudinova E.M, Elansky S.N.2017. Resistance of Helminthosporium solani to selected Fungicides applied for tuber treatment. Journal of Plant Pathology, 99 (3): 635 – 642.
Le Corre P., Bedin P., Dusson G., Salvan M. 1993. Efficacité du mancozebe dans le cadre de la lutte contre la gale argentée. In: Proceedings of the 12th Triennal Conference of the European Association for Potato Reseasch, July 18 – 23, 1993: 487 – 488.
Leadbeater A.J., Kirk W.W. 1992. Control of tuber borne diseases of potatoes with fenpiclonil. In: Proceedings of Brighton Crop protection Conference, Pests and Diseases, November 23 – 26, 1992: 657 – 662.
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Osowski, J. and Urbanowicz , J. . (2021) “Silver scab (Helminthosporium solani) – symptoms and control”, Bulletin of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, (294), pp. 35–50. doi: 10.37317/biul-2021-0005.
Authors
Jerzy Osowskij.osowski@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - PIB, Radzików Poland
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-9991
Authors
Janusz UrbanowiczInstytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - PIB, Radzików, Zakład Nasiennictwa i Ochrony Ziemniaka, 76-009 Bonin 3 Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-0333
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