Septorioza plew – choroba pszenicy i pszenżyta powodowana przez grzyb Parastagonospora nodorum

Lidia Kowalska


(Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-1182

Tomasz Góral

t.goral@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-6109

Abstrakt

Parastagonospora nodorum to nekrotroficzny patogen grzybowy o wąskim zasięgu żywiciela, który powoduje septoriozę plew zbóż, głównie pszenicy i pszenżyta. Infekcje wywołane przez P. nodorum powszechnie obserwowane są na siewkach, jednak mają największy wpływ na rośliny dorosłe. Patogen redukuje powierzchnię asymilacyjną zielonych organów roślin, tym samym ogranicza wzrost i plonowanie powodując 31%-50% strat plonów. Infekcje wywołane przez P. nodorum mogą występować również na kłosie, co bezpośrednio wpływa na jakość ziarna.

Doniesienia literaturowe o wysokim potencjale ewolucyjnym P. nodorum i jego odporności na fungicydy, stosowanie wysokich dawek azotu oraz uprawy uproszczonej, a także zmiany klimatu i środowiska rolniczego potwierdzają pilną potrzebę wprowadzenia odporności genetycznej roślin na septoriozę plew w wielu regionach uprawy pszenicy i pszenżyta.

W tym przeglądzie podsumowano aktualne informacje na temat struktury populacji P. nodorum oraz jego specjalizacji pasożytniczej. Następnie dokonano przeglądu postępów w genetyce odporności żywiciela na patogen oraz nekrotroficzne efektory białkowe, wytwarzane przez P. nodorum podczas infekcji. Przedstawiono również dostępne narzędzia w hodowli roślin, które przyczyniają się do ograniczenia septoriozy plew.


Słowa kluczowe:

septorioza plew, efektor białkowy, pszenica, pszenżyto, odporność

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06/30/2023

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Kowalska, L. i Góral, T. (2023) „Septorioza plew – choroba pszenicy i pszenżyta powodowana przez grzyb Parastagonospora nodorum”, Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, (299), s. 39–53. doi: 10.37317/biul-2023-0005.

Autorzy

Lidia Kowalska 

Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-1182

Autorzy

Tomasz Góral 
t.goral@ihar.edu.pl
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-6109

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