Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the occurrence of important diseases on potato tubers
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak
bambr@uwm.edu.plKatedra Fitopatologii i Entomologii, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie (Poland)
Edward Wróbel
Katedra Produkcji Roślinnej, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie (Poland)
Abstract
The studies on tuber health were conducted on three table potato cultivars: very early Bard, medium-late Rybitwa and late Wawrzyn. The tubers were obtained in a precise plot trial, performed in the years 2000–2002 by the Department of Plant Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, in Tomaszkowo. The experimental factors were combinations with nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha, in the form of 46% urea, applied after plant emergence. Tuber health was determined after five-month storage. The symptoms of common scab and black scurf were evaluated on 100 tubers selected at random from particular fertilization combinations, according to a nine-grade scale. The results are shown as the percentage infection index. A rate of tubers infestation by soft rot, late blight and dry rot was estimated in 5 kg samples for each combination, and presented in % of mass of infected tubers. The tubers were found to be infested at the level by common scab and black scurf in plants fertilized with nitrogen at a rate of 60 kg/ha. Climatic conditions in the vegetation seasons of 2000 and 2001 were conducive to the development of these diseases. The mean infection indices recorded for cv. Rybitwa were as high as 20% and 24%, respectively. The lowest level of infection by Streptomyces scabies and Rhizoctonia solani was observed in tubers of cv. Bard. The infestation of tubers by soft rot did not exceed 6%, and that by late blight and dry rot 3% only. The highest level of infection by Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora was recorded for cvs Bard and Wawrzyn, and that by Phytophthora infestans — for cv. Bard. In 2002 no symptoms of late blight were found on tubers of cv. Wawrzyn, irrespective of the level of fertilization, nor on tubers of the other cultivars at the lowest nitrogen rate. The incidence of dry rot was similar in all potato cultivars. Higher nitrogen rates resulted in a higher intensity of soft rot dry rot and late blight.
Keywords:
cultivars, diseases, nitrogen fertilization, tubers, potatoReferences
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Authors
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziakbambr@uwm.edu.pl
Katedra Fitopatologii i Entomologii, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Poland
Authors
Edward WróbelKatedra Produkcji Roślinnej, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Poland
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