Influence of various factors on the composition of fungal flora colonizing potato phyllosphere
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak
dziekanat.wril@uwm.edu.plKatedra Fitopatologii i Entomologii, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn (Poland)
Edward Wróbel
Katedra Produkcji Roślinnej, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn (Poland)
Abstract
The studies carried out in the years 2000–2002 comprised a precise field experiment established in Tomaszkowo in the vicinity of Olsztyn. The edible potato cultivars: Bard, Rybitwa and Wawrzyn were fertilized with different doses of nitrogen: 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha, respectively. The isolation of fungi from leaves, according to the methodology of Chruściak (1974), and from the haulm, by means of the commonly used phytopathologic method, was conducted in the laboratory to determine potato phyllosphere fungal community. The analysis of the fungal community of potato phyllosphere shows a large count and high species diversity of the fungi. The total number of isolates amounting to 10.429 was isolated from 39 species of fungi and yeast-like fungi. The yeast-like fungi constituted the most numerous group (50.5%). Among pathogenic fungi the most often isolated species were Alternaria alternata (10.9%) and Botrytis cinerea (8.8%), less frequent were fungi of the Fusarium genus (5.7%) and Colletotrichum coccodes (3.1%). Rhizoctonia solani sp. was not common — 48 colonies. Saprophytic fungi were represented by the genera Epicoccum (4.8%), Cladosporium (2.6%), Penicillium (2.4%), and the order Mucorales (5.0%). The results of the studies indicate that potato cultivars, doses of nitrogen fertilization and the time of experiment had a diversifying effect on the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi colonies inhabiting the potato phyllosphere. The largest number of fungi colonized the Bard cultivar. The analysis of the average values of the period under study showed that the smallest number of colonies was obtained from the potato fertilized with the highest nitrogen dose 90 kg/ha. The least number of isolates was noted in the last year of the experiment which was characterized by warm and dry summer. This type of vegetation season facilitated the development of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium, whereas the number of isolates of Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani decreased.
Keywords:
phyllosphere, fungi, nitrogen fertilization, cultivar of potatoReferences
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Authors
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziakdziekanat.wril@uwm.edu.pl
Katedra Fitopatologii i Entomologii, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn Poland
Authors
Edward WróbelKatedra Produkcji Roślinnej, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn Poland
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